Table of content
1. Introduction
2. The development of writing systems
2.1 Non – phonological systems
2.1.1. Cave paintings
2.1.2. Pictographic
2.1.3. Ideographic
2.2 Phonological systems
2.2.1. Logographic
2.2.2. Sumerian writing
2.2.3. Syllabaries
2.2.4. Alphabets
3. Conclusion
4. Appendix
5. Reference
1. Introduction
The aim of this report is to define the history of writing, how the writing system changed through the development of human society.
2. The development of writing systems
According to array of proofs discovered in many countries all over the world by the archaeologists, it is said that Writing has been existing for such a long time and it is continuously developed with the flow of time. At the beginning, the symbols in writing systems do not have any relationship with the sound of the language which called non – phonological systems (Crystal, 1986)
2.1. Non – phonological systems
These systems of writing just provided the picture of the entities which the people wanted to mention but did not contain any linguistic elements.
2.1.1. Cave paintings
In stone age, prehistoric man begun to draw the paintings of the cattle they had, their work instruments or the activities in daily life on the cliff walls around 36,000 BC (Web Site of Sally Gentieu Welch, undated). These images were considered as the first form of writing.
2.1.2. Pictographic
After that, the writing system was developed with the appearance of the pictographic (other names: pictographs or pictograms) in which the fundamental objects and ideas were drawn on the rocks inexactly but still sufficiently clear and quite easy to be recognized. However, the pictograms were ambiguous and it is difficult for the people nowadays to decipher them correctly. At that time, the pictograms just had the images but not the sound (Cryrtal, 1986 and The evolution of type website, undated). Occording to O’Gray, Dobrovolsky and Katamba in Contemporary Linguistics, Longman (1996), pictographic with pictures are still used in modern society in the road signs or the using instructions of the machines. In fact, this is an easy way for people to understand them.
2.1.3. Ideographic
Being considered as the development of pictographic, ideographic or ideograms are also the pictures. Instead of being the image of shape of any specific thing, ideographs are the pictorial symbols of the objects of concepts which are used as the agreement or custom of people. For example, if they want to mention about the forest, they draw three trees and every people can know that picture means “Forest” (The evolution of type Website, undated)
2.2. Phonological systems
Writing systems have a great evolution when the pronunciation is added.
Cuneiform was the first ever form of writing. The Sumerians were the main inventors of this writing. The symbol as we know them now consist of lines and wedges. One of the
Picture books are one of the first mediums of learning that children encounter. The picture book was first created in 1657 by John Amos Comenius. Comenius’s book was entitled Orbis Pictus (The world of Pictures) and was an alphabet book (Martinez 57). Picture books are used to lay the foundations of the histori...
Writing is one of the many factors which can lead to an unequal world. Writing was “One of the most important inventions in human history” (Prososki, “Writing”). It was believed to come from the Fertile Crescent called Sumer around 5,000 years ago. Over the years, writing has advanced as people created writing and printing systems, which were able to reach
There are numerous traits found in the world that are said to give us our humanity; These traits can be as simple as compassion for others, or as complex as a desire to rule and conquer. There are two crucial developments, however, that have contributed greatly to the development of human civilization - the development of writing and the creation of a hierarchical social structure. These two developments in human history have become the building blocks for the way that we live our day-to-day lives. Both writing and social hierarchies have evolved along with our society, spreading throughout the world and becoming key factors in the future of our civilization.
A succinct description of graphic notation and its history can be found in Cox, ‘Visual Sounds: On Graphic Scores.” Audio Culture – Readings in Modern Music ed. Christoph Cox (New York: Continuum, 2004) 187-88.
After being a nurse for almost three years, I have reached to the conclusion that the nursing profession is like a journey that for some can be beautiful and challenging, for others, can be very difficult and unpleasant. A true nurse needs to have compassion, and the real need to help others not mattering the culture, sex, or race. Unfortunately, that is not always the case and it is there when I feel that I made the right decision when I choose to become a nurse taking this challenging journey.
Growing up in a family where nobody in college, I choose to take the change of my life when I choose to apply to nursing school. After working as RN, I decide that I want to advance in my practice in professional responsibility, autonomy and flexibility. I want to put a positive influence on the lives of my patients and their families. And I want to become NP. With my goal to engage in advanced practice nursing, I hope to pursue people more, teaching them how to take control of their health in the way they feel more comfortable. To me, nursing is a gift, a gift of giving, loving and caring, and the rewards in nursing are limitless. Fulfilling my goal of becoming a Nurse Practitioner will help me to strength my current nursing knowledge base,
Writers throughout history have always influenced or have been influenced by the era that which they live in. Many famous authors arose during The Age of Discovery and The Romantic Period all of whom had very distinctive writing styles that held true to their era. To find the differences between the two eras, it is important to understand the era at which time the literature was wrote, the writing style, and the subject matter.
Since I was fourteen I wanted to become a nurse, I have always had an overwhelming desire to help people, it is what makes me feel fulfilled, and this is the reason I decided to follow this career path. My personal philosophy on nursing is that all nurses need to want
Why I want to be a nurse? I have asked myself this question numerous times, and have come up with a variety of answers. I think that being a nurse just embodies the characteristics that I have innately had and characterizes the person I am now. Nursing is more than a profession to me; it encompasses my life in every aspect. Nursing challenges me, nothing is ever exactly the same each day. There are so many opportunities in nursing and so many ways to challenge myself and learn new things.
... helped the architecture to have accurate measurements . Another civilization that also developed a system of writing was China. The written language could be easily to read and understand, but when they spoke it it was difficult to understand. This civilization had a big advantage with the system of writing because all parts of china everyone could learn the language even if they already spoke a different language. This helped make a great civilization because it unifies a large and diverse land and this helped to control it easier. One disadvantage it has is that the writing system has a lot of things to memorize. So if you were a wealthy kid and went to a good school you could memorize the major part of the language, but if you were in the lower class and went to a cheap school then you had trouble learning the language because they didn’t teach the whole language
Ong, Walter. “Writing is a Technology that Restructures Thought.” Writing Material. Ed. Evelyn Tribble. New York. 2003. 315-335.
However, when writing the language used becomes contradictory to speech as it is very much formal in most situations and it leaves less opportunity... ... middle of paper ... ... dge of from a very young age. The tools needed to write are a pen and paper however in medieval times writings were usually written upon stones.
In locations with more water and vegetation, it comes from the papyrus plant. But in either climate, something was needed to stain the language on this new device. That was the first pen. The Dawn of Pen-kind As early as 2,800 years before Christ, the pen was beginning to appear as a writing implement in the world. Its first form was that of a dried reed, its tip cut at an angle so to create a line of ink instead of a blot.