Earth has experienced many episodes of dramatic climate changes with different periods in earth history. There have been periods during which the entire planet has been covered in ice and at another time it has been scorchingly hot and dry. In this regards, earth has experienced at least three major periods of long- term frigid climate and ice ages interspersed with periods of warm climate. The last glacial period which current glaciers are the result of it, occurring during the last years of Pleistocene, from approximately 110,000 to 10,000 years age (Clayton, 1997). Indeed, glaciers present sensitive indicators of climate change and global warming and by estimating and monitoring the dynamic evolution of these ice masses, several aspect of climate change impact on environmental phenomena can be revealed.
Since the end of the last century, nearly global glaciers recession have been noticed (Barry, 2006). For example in Himalaya, several studies indicate receding glaciers in recent years and also these alpine glaciers are melting away remarkably quickly at the moment (Kodata et al, 2000; Fujita et al, 2001; Ren et al, 2006). Several researches show that during the past 25 years, these glaciers experienced a dramatic decline. These analyses reveals 22% glacier area loss in entire Alps, between 1985 and 1999, which is about seven times faster than for the 1985-1973 periods (Petri and Gareth, 2010). However, these result does not imply a synchronous behavior of all glacier around the world, because there can be local differences between glaciers and even in some glaciers advances. So, if the glaciers disappear, people distant from these mountains, in the lowlands and big cities of Asia and South American will suffer from ...
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... elevation of about 4250 m.
Although Iran is located in the arid and semi- arid climate, but this glaciated area is sustained by moisture- laden southerly wind originate from the Caspian Sea. These winds collide with the Northern slopes of the Tackt e Solaiman mountainous and produce an estimated average snowfall of about 452 cm/year. This orographic precipitation occurs during the 65 days in year. Also, a significant amount of precipitation falls during the October- December (Vaziri, 2003). The surface of Alamkouh is characterized by a system of ridges and depressions and oriented parallel to the overall flow direction. The most part of the Alamkouh surface is covered by debris. Typical origins of such debris accumulation include debris-laden snow avalanches, episodic rock avalanches and long-lasting rockfall activity, heavy rains or weathering processes.
Glacier melting has become very rapid in the European Alps since 1980, and 10 to 20% of the ice in the Alps was gone in less than two years. Half the amount of Europe's Alpine glaciers has vanished since 1850. Within the next hundred years, 50 % of those left, will as
In the statistical distribution of weather condition and its perfect pattern in an amount of time ranging from decades to centuries to millions of years, a substantial, long-lasting and drastic change is largely known as Climate change. It may be a change in more or fewer extreme weather events or in the distribution of weather more or less the average conditions or in average weather conditions. With the usage of theoretical models and observations methods, scientists, experts and specialists in this particular field actively works in order to perfectly understand past and future climate under certain situation and circumstances.
The book by David Archer (2009) includes details that will make the readers understand the future of climate change as well as past events that have changed the present climate, as we know it. David Archer is a professor of geophysical sciences at the University of Chicago and has done many public presentations on the earth’s climate change before releasing his book, the long Thaw.
People are responsible for higher carbon dioxide atmosphere emissions, while the Earth is now into the Little Ice Age, or just behind it. These factors together cause many years discussions of the main sources of climate changes and the temperature increasing as a result of human been or natural changes and its consequences; even if its lead to the global warming, or to the Earth’s cooling. In their articles, “Global Warming Is Eroding Glacial Ice” by Andrew C. Revkin and “Global Warming Is Not a Threat to Polar Ice” by Philip Stott, both authors discuss these two theories (Revkin 340; Stott 344). Revkin is right that global warming is taking place. Significant increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is due to human activities combined with natural factors such as volcanic emissions and solar radiation – all together they lead to climate changes and temperatures rising. At the same time, other factors such as deforestation contribute to environmental changes for some glaciers not less than air pollution. However, during global warming not all regions of the planet are affected in the same way, local warming and cooling are both possible during these changes.
The issue of climate change is becoming increasingly important worldwide, and scientists are looking into the climate history of the past to try and interpret what this planet may experience in the future. In order to reconstruct the climatic history of a region, information is obtained from a variety of different proxies or indirect forms of measurement preserved as evidence in materials such as ice cores and sediment samples. A study conducted by Thompson et al attempts to reconstruct the climate history in the African region using data obtained from glaciers located on Mount Kilimanjaro. An alternative study undertaken by Kaiser et al. disputes the claims made on the ice age and climate history presented by Thompson and his colleges. Both studies illustrate the uncertainties that may arise when analyzing ice core data and the importance in adequately interpreting and analyzing information obtained from glacial deposits.
"If we want to address global warming, along with the other environmental problems associated with our continued rush to burn our precious fossil fuels as quickly as possible, we must learn to use our resources more wisely, kick our addiction, and quickly start turning to sources of energy that have fewer negative impacts."
Glaciers are one of the most fundamental phenomenon on the planet, and much of their purpose and impact on earth has been well documented and published. Ice sheets, Ice Caps and Glaciers trap nearly 90% of the world's fresh water, and are replenished by snowfall each year. Their existence on this planet dates back 650,000,000 years and yet they are always moving, always shifting and always melting. Before, human existence and even during the brief era of humans, ice dominated all of the earth's landmass and have regulated, created and altered many of the landscapes around the world.
... and feed grains (Nyong, 2008). Higher temperatures can the physiological development of crops such as causing increased respirations, shorter periods of seed formation and reduced biomass production which all result in hastened maturation and reduced crop yields (Adejuwon, 2004). Global warming and drought have affected the change in the incidence and distribution of pests and pathogens which presents challenges for crop management and animal rearing. Moisture and temperature are important elements of climate which determine the occurrence and localization of pests and diseases (Adejuwon, 2004). This is because pests and diseases vectors thrive well in optimum conditions of high temperature and abundant water supply. In this way climate change and global warming has extended the range of distribution of some pests and diseases worsening the plight of farmers.
Climate change is difficult to express directly, for knowledge of climate change generally falls under the classification of “weather.” However geologists have known since the mid-nineteenth century that local, and global climate undergoes change throug...
The article “Bigger, Faster Avalanches, Triggered by Climate Change” shows the unusual behaving of the glaciers in the Tibet. Glaciers move very slow over time. However, In the Tibet, snow and ice collapsed of the glaciers move in very fast speed in short time. The speed may reach 200 miles per an hour. Scientists are surprised by how they move in a such fast speed, and they believe this crisis is caused by the global warming. As we produce more heat on the Earth, more collapses of the snow happen, which lead to global warming. The collapses may impact both animal and human lives. I think we will have the climate change for a long time. If we do not want to deal with the original problem, which is greenhouse gases emission, we should handle
Climatology is described as the study of the origins and impacts of climate. To understand climatology, one must know the true definition of climate. Climate, simply, is the typical weather of a specific geographical region on earth. Climate can be affected by many factors. Some of these factors consist of: pollution, outgassing of volcanoes, seasonal changes, natural disasters, and carbon dioxide emissions, and greenhouse gasses. Ultimately, these factors lead to a phenomenon called climate change. Pollution, carbon dioxide emissions and the trapping of greenhouse gasses are most known for drastically changing earth's climate over the years. Carbon dioxide alone plays a key role in heating up the atmosphere. It alone combined with other greenhouse
If nothing is done about global warming, one of the leading problems for the world would be glacier melting. Glaciers are melting faster than ever and scientists are blaming it on global warming. It has been predicted that, “..Glacier National Park will be without any glaciers at all by 2030” (Book 1). If all
Climate Change is any substantial change in climate that lasts for an extended period of time. One contributor to current climate change is global warming, which is an increase in Earth’s average temperature. Plants and animal species throughout the world are being affected by rising temperatures. Many plants are flowering earlier now than they once did; animals, such as the yellowbellied marmot, are emerging from hibernation earlier; and many bird and butterfly species are migrating north and breeding earlier in the spring than they did a few decades ago, all because of slight changes in temperature cues. (Shuster)
Glaciers have disappeared due to increasing in global temperatures because of which the water level had drastically increased and its causing flood all over the world
The earth is a complex system, which continues to evolve and change. Climate change and global warming are currently popular in the political agenda. But what does “climate” really mean? The difference between weather and climate can be conveyed in a single sentence: “Climate is what you expect; weather is what you get.” Based on research of the geologic record, we know that climate change has happened throughout Earth's history and at present, ever-increasing evidence points to the roles that humans play in altering Earth systems. The Earth and its atmosphere receive heat energy from the sun; the atmospheric heat budget of the Earth depends on the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing radiation from the planet; which has been constant over the last few thousand years. However present evidence seems to suggest that the recent increase in temperature has been brought about by pollution of the atmosphere, in particular the release of huge amounts of carbon dioxide, mostly through Anthropogenic Forcing (human activity) and other various internal and external factors. I...