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The history of computer development
The history of computer development
The history of computer development
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Computer programming has evolved in many ways throughout the years. The first programmer was thought to be Ada Lovelace, who lived in the 1800’s. When translating an article about the Analytical Engine from Italian to French, adding her own notes, she was referred to as the first programmer for what she wrote in the article. Computer programming started many years ago, around the 1800’s, and is only growing today. “She has been referred to as prophet of the computer age.” (Computer History Museum, 2008). What is computer programming, how does it work for gaming, and how can a programming language be used? History In previous years, the first computers were mechanical, not electronic. One of the first computers ever made was the Difference Engine, designed by Charles Babbage. (Babbage, C, n.d.). The Difference Engine was able to calculate polynomials using the differences method. After the Difference Engine, Babbage began his work on an improved calculating engine, the Analytical Engine. The Analytical Engine used punch cards to operate, just like the Jacquard Loom. The Jacquard Loom used punch cards to control weaving that created interesting patterns in textiles. The punch cards were used in the Analytical Engine to define the input and the calculations to carry-out. The Analytical Engine had two major parts. The first part was the mill, which is similar to a modern day computer processing unit, or a CPU. The CPU is the brain of a modern day computer; it is what carries out modern day instructions inside a computer. The mill would execute what it received from the store. The second part was the store, which was the memory of the computer. “It was the world’s first general-purpose computer.” (Babbage, C, n.d.).... ... middle of paper ... ...rogramming languages, like python, can be used. Works Cited Babbage, C. (n.d.). Retrieved December 9, 2013 from http://www.charlesbabbage.net/ Computer History Museum. (2006). Retrieved December 9, 2013 from http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/?category=cmptr Phil, A. (n.d.). Retrieved December 9, 2013 from http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/jacquard.htm Sanner, M.F. (1999). Python: a programming language for software integration and development. J Mol Graph Model, 17(1), 57-61. Van Rossum, G. (1999). Computer programming for everybody. Proposal to the corporation for national research initiatives. Van Rossum, G. (n.d.). Guido van Rossum, a brief bio. Retrieved November 15, 2013 from www.python.org/~guido/bio.html Zilgen, D. (n.d.). Retrieved December 9, 2013 from http://www.apl.jhu.edu/~hall/java/beginner/programming.html
What are programming languages, you wonder? Programming languages are computer languages used to create programs that allow devices mostly computers to perform certain actions. There are several different programming languages that allow us to do several different tasks. The minute we turn on a computer a program language is being used to allow us to do several things the moment it’s turned on. Programming language is being used to build everyday programs like Microsoft Office, Facebook, and Instagram. Dr. Hopper was the only one at that point in time to successfully create a programming language that worked adequately enough to be used in technology. She gravely improved the quality of computers and al...
The first form of programming appeared about the same time as the invention of one of the first computers in 1942, known as the ENIAC. Programming for this was very tedious and required the setting of switches and rewiring of wires. Programming for this computer progressed after some time but took a major turn in 1957 when the first of the many major languages came about known as FORTRAN. FORTRAN was good at scientific programming, but it had no help on the business world. In 1959 a new language called COBOL came about and it became known as the programming language for businesses. In 1958 a language was developed that would have a huge effect on the programming industry. A scientific committee came up with the Algol language which led to creation of the popular languages we have today like C, C++, Java, and Pascal. In 1964 one of the first attempts at making a language for non-computer science people was developed by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz called BASIC. In 1972 C was created by Dennis Ritchie and probably has had the biggest effect on computer of all the languages.
...ere are gears used to select which numbers you want. Though Charles Babbage will always be credited with making the first “true” computer, and Bill Gates with popularizing it, Blaise Pascal will always have a place among the first true innovator of the computer. There is even a programming language called Pascal or Object Pascal which is an early computer program.
Imagine having a computer without running software. Computers would be slightly pointless without programs to run it. There would be no directions in the computer to tell it how to run, where to run, and what to do. A computer would have the ability to turn on, but a blank screen would be the only thing to appear on a monitor. I am sure that the question of "Who creates these programs?" has run through many minds in the past. These programs aid you in typing papers, connect you to the Internet, send information to other computers, or provide an interface for games that help to occupy your time. Computer programmers are the individuals that create and work with these programs. On a broad scale, computer programmers write the programs, test the programs, and then maintain the programs that millions of people use daily (Computer Programming 243-249). The every day duties of a computer programmer include investigating work requests from system analysts, understanding the problem and the desired resolution, choosing an appropriate approach, and planning an outcome that will tell the mechanism what to do to produce the desired results. Programmers must be experienced in high levels of mathematics, computer science, and programming languages. A programmer must also have experience with critical thinking, reading comprehension, and deductive reasoning. Programmers need to master these subjects, since they write in a language different from everyday English or French.
In 1822, a computer was a human worker that solved trigonometric functions much like computers do today. However, because the workers were human, they made mistakes, and data was incorrectly calculated. By 1832, a man named Charles Bavage came up with the patented “difference engine” that he created to correct mistakes on the mathematical functions. His invention did not inspire others until the industrial revolution in 1890, when the American census started using punch cards.
The First Generation of Computers The first generation of computers, beginning around the end of World War 2, and continuing until around the year 1957, included computers that used vacuum tubes, drum memories, and programming in machine code. Computers at that time where mammoth machines that did not have the power our present day desktop microcomputers. In 1950, the first real-time, interactive computer was completed by a design team at MIT. The "Whirlwind Computer," as it was called, was a revamped U.S. Navy project for developing an aircraft simulator.
Karwatka, Dennis. "Ada Lovelace--The First Computer Programmer." Tech Directions 54.10 (1995): 21. Academic Search Complete. Web. 5 May 2014.
The Analytical Engine was the first general-purpose programmable computing device. It has the essential features found in the modern digital computer. It can be programmed by using punched cards, an idea came from the Jacquard loom introduced by Joseph Jacquard. The Analytical Engine uses an analog printer for output, it had a CPU called Mill where the arithmetic processing was performed and a Store (as known as Memory) where numbers and intermediate results are held. The machine is powered by steam and it contained hundreds of vertical axles and thousands of wheels or gears. The Analytical Engine can add or subtract a two forty-digit numbers within three seconds and can multiply and divide in two to four minutes. The machine has three types of cards named the operation cards, variable cards, and number cards. The operation card determined the mathematical functions to use, variable card assigned for the symbols of the variables in an equation, and the number card contains entries from mathematical tables. The Analytical Engine can calculate more complex numbers than the difference engine. Ada Lovelace described an algorithm to compute Bernoulli numbers on the Analytical Engine. Babbage believed that the Analytical Engine could calculate any possible arithmetic
The fist computer, known as the abacus, was made of wood and parallel wires on which beads were strung. Arithmetic operations were performed when the beads were moved along the wire according to “programming” rules that had to be memorized by the user (Soma, 14). The second earliest computer, invented by Blaise Pascal in 1694, was a “digital calculating machine.” Pascal designed this first known digital computer to help his father, who was a tax collector. Pascal’s computer could only add numbers, and they had to be entered by turning dials (Soma, 32). It required a manual process like its ancestor, the abacus. Automation was introduced in the early 1800’s by a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage. He created an automatic calculation machine that was steam powered and stored up to 1000 50-digit numbers. Unlike its two earliest ancestors, Babbage’s invention was able to perform various operations. It relied on cards with holes punched in them, which are called “punch cards.” These cards carried out the programming and storing operations for the machine. Unluckily, Babbage’s creation flopped due to the lack of mechanical precision and the lack of demand for the product (Soma, 46). The machine could not operate efficiently because technology was t adequate to make the machine operate efficiently Computer interest dwindled for many years, and it wasn’t until the mid-1800’s that people became interested in them once again.
“Dude programming is a piece of cake, anybody can do it”, this is what we normally get to hear when we ask a teenager about coding or programming.(add some stuff) Even the choices that we have with programming languages are enormous starting from the most basic visual programming softwares such as Scratch to more advanced languages like Python, PHP, JAVA or the one which revolutionized the whole computing world, C. Among all these languages there is a reason why C holds a special regard, a language that came into existence as a result of refining an existing programming language called B, by Dennis M. Ritchie in 1972. C alongside with B were some of the earliest programming language in the category of Imperative programming, a kind of programming paradigm in which the computer is given proper instructions on how to perform a certain computation. C’s invention not only revolutionized the computing world, but also had a major influence on some other programming languages. After C, C++ and C# are derivatives and successor of the language. They both played major role in development of some of the most famous and mega-computing applications and programming languages of today’s time. It introduces many new perspective to programming as a whole with enhanced object-oriented programming for C++ and modern, high-level component-oriented programming for C#. The trio co-exist to define computer science as it is today. (Change it)
In a world of men, for men, and made by men, there were a lucky few women who could stand up and be noticed. In the early nineteenth century, Lovelace Augusta Byron King, Countess of Lovelace, made her mark among the world of men that has influenced even today’s world. She was the “Enchantress of Numbers” and the “Mother of Computer Programming.” The world of computers began with the futuristic knowledge of one Charles Babbage and one Lady Lovelace, who appeared to know more about Babbage’s Analytical Engine than he himself knew. At the time of Lovelace’s discoveries, women were only just beginning to take part in the scientific world, and her love of mathematics drove her straight into the world of men. Her upbringing, her search for more knowledge, her love of mathematics, and her inherited writing abilities brought to life what we know today as computer programming or computer science.
The field of Computer Science is based primarily on computer programing. Programming is the writing of computer programs using letters and numbers to make "code". The average computer programer will write at least a million lines of code in his or her lifetime. But even more important than writting code, a good programer must be able to solve problems and think logicaly.
Technology continued to prosper in the computer world into the nineteenth century. A major figure during this time is Charles Babbage, designed the idea of the Difference Engine in the year 1820. It was a calculating machine designed to tabulate the results of mathematical functions (Evans, 38). Babbage, however, never completed this invention because he came up with a newer creation in which he named the Analytical Engine. This computer was expected to solve “any mathematical problem” (Triumph, 2). It relied on the punch card input. The machine was never actually finished by Babbage, and today Herman Hollerith has been credited with the fabrication of the punch card tabulating machine.
Computer programming can be a gateway job to many other interesting jobs. Programmers work in a wide variety of industries (Career Cruising). Programming can lead to making software for hospitals, banks, or even schools. But a very popular job for programmers is being part of a game development team. Programming can also lead to working for big companies like Google or Yahoo.
In this early time, Programming languages were unknown (not even assembly languages). Operating systems were unheard of. All programming was done in machine language by wiring up electrical circuits by connecting thousands of cables to plugboards to control the machine’s basic functions. By 1950s, procedure improved with the introduction of punched cards. It was now possible to write programs on cards and read them in instead of using plugboards.