Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
The 12 social determinants of health
The 12 social determinants of health
social determinants of health
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: The 12 social determinants of health
1 INTRODUCTION The beginning for Health for all 2000 program was in 1978 in conferens in Alma Ata where World Health Organisation (WHO) and its memberstates made their commitments for health for all. First health promotion conference was kept in 1986 in Ottawa and The Ottawa Charter for Health promotion declaration has been a source of inspiration and guidance. (Vertio 2003, s.178) Finland was one of the first countries to make its own Health for all program 1986. Member States have reached consensus about the topics which are on focus in member countries. Those are: communicable diseases, noncommunicable diseases, promoting health through the life course, health systems and preparedness, surveillance and response and criteria that will guide the process of setting the Organization’s priorities. http://www.who.int/about/who_reform/programme_priority/en/index.html It is not enough anymore to speak only health and sickness, because it is important to understand how environment affects people’s health. Also economical issues like economical growth create conditions for the deveploment of wellfare. In equality appears to have a significant impact on human health. Client`s status should be strenghtened and communities must activate the function. (Terveyden edistämisen eettiset haasteet 2008) 1.1 Indicators valuating Health A variety of health indicators have been developed in order to assess and compare the health in different countries. (Pietilä ym 2002,s 133) It is important to notice that for example educational opportunities, living conditions, working conditions and services availability are remarkable factors for health promoting. (Quality recommendation for health promotion, 2006, s.9) Here are some examples of indic... ... middle of paper ... ...spiratory infection. In the future paternal involvment hopely increase. Healthcare organization and control define resources and facilitys all possible levels what are needed. There is still work to do with structures and management. administration and management need to be effective and influential. http://www.moh.gov.et/English/Pages/index.aspx http://www.moh.gov.et/English/Resources/Documents/Health.pdf 4.3 Challenges There is still lack of money and that means inadequate funding. There are also too little planning, managing and implementation capacities. Even they have trained thousands of health workers; there is still shortage of skilled workers One big challenge is try to influence mothers and childrens health because child mortality rate has hardly fallen. http://www.afro.who.int/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=8542&Itemid=2593
Equality in health implies that ideally everyone should have a fair opportunity to attain his or her full health potential and, more reasonably, that no one should be disadvantaged from achieving this potential. Based on this definition, the aim of policy for equity and health is not to eliminate all health differences so that everyone has the same level and quality of health, but rather to reduce or eliminate those which result from factors which are considered to be avoidable and unfair. To appreciate the importance of striving for equity in relation to health, it is necessary to be aware of just how extensive are the differences in health found in the world today. In every part of the region, and in every type of political and social system, differences in health have been noted between different social groups and between different geographical areas in the same country (Whitehead 2000). There is consistent evidence that inequalities in health result in disadvantaged groups having poorer survival chances, suffering a heavier burden of illness, and sharing a similar pattern of low quality of life
“The World Health Organization’s ranking of the world’s health system.” Photius Coutsoukis. 29 February 2007. 13 October 2009. < http://www.photius.com/rankings/healthranks.html>.
Healthy People 2020 is geared towards betterment of health for the most citizens by year 2020.It is a carefully and exhaustively planned project by the different sectors of government and health agencies with the inclusion of the analyses of the determinants of health, and disparities, using different kind of public health models in order to make appropriate policies and programs that are feasible to implement and practical to abide for the benefit of the population served.
World Health Organization. (1986, November 21). The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Retrieved on February 23, 2013, from http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en/index1.html.
...importance of public health has increased, and the readiness planning and assessment has been enhanced. Of course do not forget cooperation between countries, the main result.
Also the essay will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each approach as this can be an indicator if this approach is applied, whether it can address inequality and improve the health and well being of that individual or society. The essay will use the Dahlgren and Whitehead social determinants of health of need to exemplify the determinants of health showing how these determinants can influence the way health is viewed as holistic or merely an absence of disease. Lastly, the essay will analyse the evaluation with these approaches plus the importance of evaluation to present programs and future programs or activity.
Healthy people 2020 is an initiative that has been taken to make the world healthier. Healthy people 2020 has set numerous objectives some that has objectives have data and some that doesn’t. In order for Healthy People 2020 to be successful, it is dependent in part on the ability of health agencies at all levels of the government and on non-governmental organizations to assess objective progress. The health topics that are of focus are general health status, health-related quality and well-being, determinants of health, and disparities.
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are increasingly becoming a major problem of Public Health around the World. The impact of resources and material deprivation among people and populations has resulted in an increase in mortality rate on a planetary scale. Social determinants of health are defined as the personal, social, economic and the environmental conditions which determines the health status of an individual or population (Gardner, 2013). Today’s society is characterized by inequalities in health, education, income and many other factors which as a result is becoming a burden for Public Health around the world. Research studies have shown that the conditions in which people live and work strongly influenced their health. Individuals with high levels of education and fall within the high income bracket turn to have stable jobs, live in the best neighborhood and have access to quality health care system than individuals who have low education and fall with the low income bracket. This paper is to explain different social determinants of health and how they play ...
The health of an individual and their communities is affected by several elements which combine together. Whether an individual is healthy or not, is determined by their circumstances and environment.1 To a greater extent, factors such as where an individual lives, their relationships with family and friends, the state of their environment, income, genetics and level of education all have significant impacts on health, however the more frequently considered factors such as access and use of health care facilities regularly have less of an impact.6 Determinants of health is a term which was introduced in the 1970s as part of a broader analysis of research and policy on public health. Researchers argued that there was a lot of attention and too much expenditure on health being dedicated to individuals and their illnesses, and little or no investment in populations and their health. It was decided that public health should be more concerned with social policies and social determinants than with health facilities and the outcomes of diseases.7 The determinants of health include social and economic environment, physical environment and an individual’s behaviour and characteristics. The environment of an individual determines their health, holding responsible an individual for having poor health or acknowledging them for good health is inappropriate. Individuals are not likely to be able to control several of the determinants of health. These determinants that make individuals healthy or not include the factors above, and numerous others.6
Healthy People 2020 is a program for the promotion of health and the prevention of diseases, launched by the Department of Health and Human Services in December 2010. According to healthypeople.gov, this program has four overarching goals which are first to achieve healthy, longer lives free of preventable diseases, injuries, and premature deaths; to achieve health fairness, eliminate differences, and improve all groups’ health; also to produce social and physical environments that encourage good health; and last but not least to promote life’s quality, healthy development, and healthy behaviors through all life stages. This program has a vision of a community where people live long, healthy lives. Healthy People 2020 offers a comprehensive set of 10 years of nationwide goals and objectives that is meant to improve the health of the American population. Healthy People 2020 covers 42 topic areas with approximately 600 objectives, which include 1,200 measures. A smaller set of Healthy People 2020 objectives, has been designated to communicate high-priority health issues and actions that can be taken to address them, this objectives are called Leading Health Indicators. The program goes above and beyond these health indicators in order to provide the best care for the people of this country. These indictors cover from the access of health service, nutrition, physical activity, and obesity to substance abuse, environmental quality, injury and violence.
However, the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) has shown to be making a commitment to reducing the prevalence of maternal mortality, though mostly through foreign funding provided through the MDG Achievement Fund (MDG-F PDF). The Health Services Development Programmes (HSDP) have been used to increase services, medicines and immunizations, strengthening the health system and deploying extension workers through the Health Extension Plan (HEP) (Federal Ministry of Health, Family Health Department, 2005).
...ce of mortality, education can also be given to them about healthy child development and what to expect when they deliver their child. This can help reduce the amount of children becoming ill. A program such as the one described can have a positive impact and has the potential of saving millions of lives.
human beings’ health was in focus in 1990s. The issue has not only attracted the experts, but
There are many inequities in this global world; should there be such gross inequities in the health of people around the world? We hear words like health gap, health care inequality and sustainability. What can be done to eliminate the health gap, health care inequities and maintain sustainability? The World Health Organization (WHO) and other organizations, private and public are working towards eliminating these disparities. Healthy People 2020 are one such goal that has achieved considerable progress in attaining sustainability in the pursuit of global health goals (Gostin et al., 2013). The health gap can be minimized through health strategies. Among them are essentials for all in this global world; clean air, water, healthy food and adequate housing with hygienic living conditions. Primary, secondary, tertiary prevention and care services should be available to all who seek health care services.
This report is based on the major and specific global health problems in the world. Global health refers to the health of all people in the world which concerns about the health issues that go beyond the borders of each country due to the globalization ( Dyar & Costa, 2013). As well as health issues are referred to the health problems created due to this globalization.