Paragraph, Grammar, Grammatical Errors, And Grammatical Error

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The purpose of this chapter is to provide an extensive review of literature on theory of writing, paragraph, grammar, errors, grammatical errors, causes of grammatical errors and error correction. 1.1. Writing and related theoretical issues 1.1.1. Writing The notion of writing has been defined in many different ways by writers. According to Byrne (1997), “writing is producing a sequence of sentences arranged in a particular order and linked together in certain ways”. In other words, a writing or a text includes sentences arranged in a coherent and grammatical way to connect the ideas together. In addition, writing is interpreted as the act of expressing ideas, thoughts, and feelings to other people in writing symbols so that readers can …show more content…

Lunsford and Robert (1995: 116) say that a paragraph is defined as “a group of sentences or a single sentence that forms a unit”. It can be understood that a paragraph is the combination of sentences or only one sentence that supports only one main idea. Each paragraph must begin with a topic sentence that expresses the main idea of a paragraph. Next, supporting sentences relating to the topic sentence and its controlling ideas with specific examples and detailed explanations should be presented. Finally, a concluding sentence restating the central idea is given at the end of the paragraph. According to Rosen and Laurence (1997: 119), there are four essential elements that an effective paragraph should consistently contain, namely a topic sentence, unity, coherence, and sufficient development. To be more specific, all sentences in a paragraph need refer to the paper’s main idea that maintains a consistent flow. Besides, the sentences need to be arranged logically and definitely. A topic sentence is considered as the most vital part in a paragraph that states the main idea of a paragraph. Without a topic sentence, it is difficult for readers to control the whole opinion conveyed. In addition, each idea discussed in the paragraph should be adequately explained and supported through evidences and details to explain the paper's controlling

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