Globalization is the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets (www.merriam-webster.com, 2012). Globalisation has had both, positive and negative effects on health. This essay will examine how globalisation has helped alcohol and tobacco trade around the world and in doing so affected health, how globalization has enabled the global community to combat these issues and an estimation of alcohol and tobacco consumption in different countries. This essay will also contain statistics from the World Health Organization based on alcohol and tobacco to illustrate the impact of globalisation.
Alcohol:
The question as to when alcohol was invented is still unknown, but the discovery of late Stone Age beer jugs is proof that alcohol/fermented beverages was used in times of the Neolithic period. (Patrick, 1952). Researchers use the years between 6000-4000 BCE as a starting point when examining the history of alcohol because the evidence is very clear. During this time, viticulture, the process of making wines was invented and the evidence lies in Egyptian pictographs. A vital moment in the history of wine was during 3000-2000 BCE when wine production and trade became a vital part of Mediterranean market and culture, ships carried enormous amounts of wine between the cities. Over the years the production of wine increased and it was during 500 ACE when wine production reaches Tang China along the Silk road (www.lmu.edu, 2012). The above explains the history of wine trade. Today wine can be found all over the world, it is a global product and the production of wine will only continue to grow. By looking at Figure 2 –world wi...
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... on the consumption of tobacco and smoking.
There was great success by implanting this treaty for example: Ireland in 2004 banned smoking in public places, in 2006, Iran banned all types of tobacco advertising, in 2009, Turkey implemented a similar smoking ban and there are many other success stories related to the implementation of this treaty (www.who.int, 2011)
Conclusion:
As boundaries vanish because of globalisation, people and goods are allowed to move around the world easier which in doing so creates new challenges to global health. These cannot be combated by national governments alone but must be dealt with instead by international organizations and agreements. Globalisation has had a negative impact on health in terms of alcohol and cigarette trade but with the help of the global community, these problems can be successfully combated.
Pang, T. (2004, October ). Globalization and Risks to health . Retrieved 4 22, 2014, from National Library of Medicine: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1299207/
World Health Organization (2008). WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2008: The MPOWER Package. Geneva: World Health Organization.
There is clearly no way tobacco will never be outlawed but I believe there should be tighter restrictions on age limits throughout the world, and restrictions on the materials that are used in cigarette processing. Who is just letting cigarette companies continue to poison people and cause cancer risk? Throughout my essay I will analyze the affects of cigarette use on the society of the world and the elaborate corruption that keeps cigarette companies in business.
Ethan Nadelman first states that the “Global War on Drugs can be Won.” Needless to say, the “Drug-Free World” and “Alcohol-Free World” are viewed as completely different realistic goals in which one could achieve. Drug-Free World would be a lot harder task for one to accomplish due to the number of addicts who are incapable of stopping, even if it continues to kill their bodies. Drug use has been a bigger problem than alcohol use, mainly because it is harming the human bodies of all races with dangerous diseases. Alcohol, on the other hand, may cause a bit of damage to the body (in severe cases, alcohol poisoning), but not merely as the damage brought upon by the drug usage. Therefore, a Drug-Free World may be a harder goal to achieve than an Alcohol-Free World. Also, politician are on the verge of eliminating drugs from the Earth, despite the fact that majority of the people are spending their money on drugs rather than quitting. When the manufacturing of illegal drugs terminate, the percentage of people sent to jail may decrease substantially. In add...
The “Alcohol policy reform in Australia: What can we learn from the evidence?” is a scholarly article presented in the Medical Journal of Australia. The article’s main intention is to analyze the World Health Organisation policy target areas, and research by Cobiac and colleagues which I’ll refer to as the ‘Cobiac Report’, and how these measures would effective, in relation to the government new ‘Alco-pops’ tax. The report was published in 2009 by the National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales.
This article is aimed towards a large study to estimate the global burden of disease attributable to alcohol. The article tries to identify the relationships between average volume consumption, patterns of drinking, disease, and injury outcomes. The article also gives many numbers to back up its points.
Missoni, E. (2013). Understanding the impact of global trade liberalization on health systems pursuing universal health coverage. Value in Health, 16, S14-S18
By limiting the appeal of tobacco packages, the health of third world countries can improve and reduce the amount of new consumer. Some countries has enforced laws that requires tobacco companies to inform their consumer about the inimical effect of their product. In Thailand, “the law requires graphic health warnings on cigarettes, occupying 85 percent of the top of the front and back principal display areas. Health warnings also are required on loose tobacco (which is often blended and chewed)” (Renske Spijkerman). Furthermore, all forms of domestic and cross-border tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship are prohibited in Russia. Additionally, the Russian government implemented regulations requiring health warnings on 30 percent of the front and 50 percent of the back of the pack. These health warnings must apprise the consumer about the misleading descriptors of "light" and "low-tar" brands. Despite all of the attempts to regulate and limit the advertisement of tobacco, the affects it has still persist in third world countries. “Nearly 80% of the more than 1 billion smokers worldwide live in low- and middle-income countries, where the burden of tobacco-related illness and death is heaviest. Tobacco users who die prematurely deprive their families of income, raise the cost of health care and hinder economic development”
Ancient and modern literatures show that alcohol has been around longer than most people think. For example, in the ancient epic of Giglamesh, written 4,000 years ago, one character was the goddess of wine and brewing, Siduri (World literature 136, 139). The Chinese poet Tu Fu wrote about celebrating an old friend’s retirement with wine in his...
Tobacco kills up to half of its users, and about 12 million people smoke it. That totals the death of 6 million people each year due to tobacco. “More than 5 million of those deaths are the result of direct tobacco use, while more than 600 000 are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke”. In short, if everyone that is currently stopped smoking, only tobacco, not only would 5 million lives be saved, but another 600 000 people would also not have to die because of the poor choices other people decide to make. About 570,000 people die annually due to drug use. That breaks down to about 440,000 from disease related to tobacco, 85,000 due to alcohol, 20,000 due to illicit drugs, and 20,000 due to prescription drug abuse. “Nearly 80% of the world's 1 billion smokers live in low-and middle-income countries.” As the world health organization has stated, most people that smoke habit around the low-income countries. This shows that people that smoke live around a poor facility.
Smoking is a current issue, it has been there and it is here till now. It is the second major cause of death in the world; it kills nearly 6 million people each year. That is one person every 6 seconds. It’s responsible for the death of a one in ten adults and kills up to half of its users. Since it’s the leading preventable cause of all deaths, there is need to prevent it. Despite the negative side effects of smoking like; smoking kills, its exacerbates poverty, contributes to world hunger by diverting lands use to its production, its production damages the environment and reduces economic productivity, many people still smoke tobacco every day. It...
Although it is beneficial for the economy for the production of tobacco products it is extremely risky to use the product. According to researchers second-hand smoke is terrible for everyone in the world who walk by someone who is exhaling. In the article by Robert Proctor “Why ban the sale of cigarettes? The case for abolition” he states that cigarettes are the “most deadl...
The governments must ban the sales of tobacco products. There are many consequences to smoking like health, addiction, cessation and economic costs. Second hand smoke is a major problem, since smoking is allowed in alot of public places.
According to (Mackay, 2002), rapid increase in tobacco consumption and its spread around the world represent a great concern to public health both globally and at the national level. Tobacco is the second major cause of death in the world and the fourth most common risk factor for disease worldwide; it kills 4.9 million persons per year therefore it weighs heavily on the health care system of countries. Tobacco undermines the wellbeing of populations. The cost of treating tobacco-related illness is very high, not only in the governments but also to individuals and their families. In addition, the diseases and deaths that result from tobacco consumption impose great suffering and grief on the close family of the tobacco user, effects which are exacerbated by poverty.
The interrelation and the integration of people, companies, governments and nations can be described as globalization. Globalization was produced due to international trade and investments with the help of technology. In today’s world, globalization is very essential. The advancements and technology help the process needed it for globalization. Many countries and organizations similarly are affected by this phenomenon, on the other hand, smaller countries have benefit from larger contributors in the world’s market.