ETA stands for Euskadi Ta Askatasuna in Euskara, or in English, Basque Fatherland and Freedom. It grew out of the EKIN in Spain in 1959 and formed as a radical Basque separatist group. Discontented with the moderate nationalism of the main Basque party, the ETA is dedicated to a separate nation-state for the Basque people, an ethnic group inhabiting areas of northern Spain and southwestern France. Currently there are about 300 members . Current leaders include Juan Cruz Maiztegui Bengoa and José Luis Eciolaza Galán, however very little is known about the ETA power hierarchy. They are extremely secretive about their leadership structure. However in 1992, ETA's three top leaders — "military" leader Francisco Mujika Garmendia, political leader José Luis Alvarez Santacristina and logistical leader José María Arregi Erostarbe were arrested . The majority of their attacks have targeted businesses and Spanish government officials, especially members of the security services and the judiciary. Their most common tactics are bombing and assassination. However, they have been known to issue warnings prior to their attacks. Their most infamous attack was the assassination of Admiral Luis Carrero Blanco in December 1973. He was killed when an underground bomb exploded beneath his car. Blanco was considered the most likely successor to Spain's dictator, Franco. More than twenty years later, the ETA almost assassinated politician Jose Maria Aznar, who later became prime minister . The ETA is financed by kidnapping and robbery. However, extortion provides the main revenue for their activities. The group also has ties with other terrorist groups, including the Irish Republican Army and Venezuela's Red Flag . Recently, the ETA ... ... middle of paper ... ...10, Web. 25 May 2010. . “Lashkar-e-Taiba.” South Asian Terrorism Portal. SATP, 2001, Web. 25 May 2010. . Ibid. Bajoria, Jayshree Ibid. “Lashkar-e-Taiba” Bajoria, Jayshree http://middleeast.about.com/od/afghanistan/ss/me080914a.htm http://normlife.com/documents/original/the_talibans_interpretation_of_islam.htm http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2325?_hi=34&_pos=4 http://www.infoplease.com/spot/taliban.html http://www.infoplease.com/spot/taliban.html http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_Ch5.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present) http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703565804575238750543006606.html?mod=rss_whats_news_us
Following the assassination of Madero and the assumption of power by Huerta in 1913, he returned to join the opposition under the revolutionary Venustiano Carranza. Using "hit and run" tactics, he gained control of northern Mexico, including Mexico City. As a result, his powerful fighting force became "La Division Del Norte." The two men soon became enemies, however, and when Carranza seized power in 1914, Villa led the rebellion against him.
The group had an organization structure with directors and leaders for their different areas of coverage, such as a West Coast Coordinator. The group’s financial sources are not clear in general, but it is known that they were self-sustained (Jewish Defense League (a)). It is known that the group shares members and is allies with Kach, a terrorist group out of Israel, while it is suspected that the group is also allies with the Zionist Action Group (Jewish Defense League
Organized crime is a collective result of the commitment, knowledge, and actions of three components: (1) Criminal groups, who are core persons tied by racial, linguistic, ethnic or other bonds; (2) Protectors, who are persons who protect the group’s interests; and (3) Specialist support, which are persons who knowingly render services on an side-job basis to enhance the group’s interests. In order to thrive, an organized crime group needs many different elements. First, it needs an ensured continuity of members, clients, supporters, funds, etc. Additionally, it needs structure, criminality, violence, memberships based on common grounds, and a willingness to corrupt a power and profit goal. Generally, mafia organized crime groups disguise themselves behind the ownership of a legitimate business to avoid questioning from the Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.) regarding any financial sources. The ille...
.... They have not committed an attack since 1998, when they took responsibility of the explosion at one of the power plants. Not many information is known about the new leadership, and some even speculate that the group has disbanded; only having few people here and there still rallying under Los Macheteros banner. But they are still out there, there are still citizens that want to secure independence from the United States by any means necessary, all they need is a spark to ignite the powder keg again, and a charismatic leader to rally the group. But whatever they do and however people want to call them; terrorist or heroes, their name has been forever stained with blood by the actions and orders of Ojeda. Even if his intentions were noble, by wanting a free country for his people, it does not justify the killing of unarmed military personnel, and innocent civilians.
There is not one particular group that poses an urban terrorist threat as long as the spread of the message is the only goal of the movement. Many organizations wish to gain the understanding of “outsider Americans” and try to reach as many sympathizers as possible for their movement. The problem arises when an organization seeks to gain understanding or recognition through force. An organization becomes an actual threat when they start to build up arms, purchase biological or chemical weapon supplies, or cast threats to surrounding areas. The most dangerous type of organization, which poses the greatest urban terrorist threat, is the radical doomsday organization.
According to Money Laundering: A Guide for Criminal Investigators, terrorist financing originates from four sources: criminal activity, legitimate or semi legitimate business, government or state sponsorship and charitable contributions or donations (Madinger, 279). Contrary to public belief, many terrorist organizations solicit money directly from the local community. By soliciting donations and contributions, the organization is able to legitimately raise money for their operations. In addition, the role of states sponsoring terrorism through monetary contributions continues to be a growing threat. According to the US State Department, countries that are currently directly sponsoring terrorism include: Cuba, Iran, Libya, North Korea, Sudan and Syria (US State Department). In an effort to elude detection from authorities and to continue funding their organizations, terrorists also finance themselves through legitimate businesses. The Provisional Irish Republican Army oper...
General Franco died in the year 1975, Juan Carlos I takes the throne and became the new king of Spain. Carlos pushed a...
The search of terrorist groups has impacted many people's lives. It is just like a new witch craft hunt because those groups caused terror among a lot of people in different countries, including the country that we live in. what kind of connection does The Crucible has with the war on terror? It represents a new witch craft trial, but this time with guns. The Crucible and example of the war on terror that we live today. What kind of connection does the Crucible has with the fight on war and terror and the hunt of terrorist groups.
Al-Qaeda Introduction Al Qaeda is a terrorist organization established in Peshawar, Pakistan, between 1988 and 1989 by Osama bin Laden and his teacher Abullah Yusuf Azzam. Al-Qaeda is an international terrorist network that is considered the top terrorist threat to the United States. Al Qaeda is seeking to get rid of all westerns from Muslim territory and replace their own Islamic regime. They are a group of people who work together to plan acts of terrorism against Muslims and non-Muslims especially in the United States. Al Qaeda believes that they are fighting a holy war against the enemy of their religion.
The Nation of Islam: A Source of Hope. In the early 1930’s, in Detroit, when the Nation of Islam was initially founded, it was not really widely known. It was a very secluded and introverted religion and community. It was not until they came under the leadership of Elijah Muhammad that the Nation of Islam became a household name in the early 1960’s.
Unfortunately, these criminals are not just fictional characters. Organized crime is a major issue not only in the United States, but around the globe. In recent times, criminal organizations have become increasingly transnational, meaning they are not limited within the borders that they originate in, as a result of the Internet and advances in communication technologies. Crime syndicates like the Yamaguchi-gumi, the Russian mafia, and the Sinaloa Cartel pose immense threats to many nations outside of their own. Evidently, it is important to understand what exactly these criminal organizations are. This paper will attempt to define organized crime, describe the common structures of criminal organizations, and detail efforts made by the federal government to control organized
The first way to peer into the movement, is defining what organized crime and terrorism actually are. Organized Crime is consisted of three or more people in a structured group. These people must act with the intent to commit one or more serious offences in order to obtain a financial or materialistic gain. Unlike organized crime, terrorism has no body count. It could very well be one person, or an endless collective amount of people. Terrorism, like organized crime, has a calculated agenda. However, terrorism has no monetary goal. The goal is to simply insinuate fear, with the backbone of political, religious, or ideological motivations. The term “Terrorism” was derived from Maximilien Robespierre in 1793. After Robespierre had called the French Revolution a “Reign of Terror,” the term had progressed into
Discuss the relationship between terrorist organizations and the raising of, transfer of, and use of funds.?
On September 11th, 2001, 2,753 people were killed in a terrorist attack on United States soil well known as “9-11”. (cnn.com) Two planes, flown by 19 men, were purposely crashed straight into the world trade centers. (cnn.com) Later, another plane was flown into the pentagon, a United States government building located in Washington, DC. Almost 3,000 people were killed by 19 members of one single terrorist group. The group’s name is Al Qaeda. Al Qaeda, meaning “The Base” in Arabic, is a terrorist group that was formed in 1989 to get rid of non-islamic government influences from the west.
Wright, L. (2008, June 2). The Rebellion Within: An Al Qaeda Mastermind Questions Terrorism. New Yorker.