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Qualitative data analysis requires a logical approach in order to interpolate data into useful information. Participants, and any further obtainable data that will shed light on the studied phenomenon should base the analysis on the objectives of the study, and the response. Coding the information into useful groups that is provided by either preconceived notions or collected responses will be the basis of this qualitative study. In addition, the classification of data into recurring phenomenon, patterns, or relationships, may assist the analysts in determining specific causality for the phenomena. The last step for the analysts is to present the data in the simplest form possible for easy digestion of beneficiaries. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to focus on the phenomena and cause of African American women in management or organizational leadership. According to Webster (2014), the glass ceiling is, “an unfair system or set of attitudes that prevents some people (such as women or people of a certain race) from getting the most powerful jobs” (p. 1). The double glass ceiling that systemically makes it more challenging for African American women working in nonprofit organizations within the City of Philadelphia to break into important leadership positions. Quantitative analysis will be used to ascertain and organize data to offer empirical evidence that supports the claims of low representation of African American women in Philadelphia leadership roles; however, this qualitative study will delve into the causality of this phenomenon, and this qualitative study may offer new insights into the involvement, and articulation of business strategies surrounding recruitment and retention of African American women ... ... middle of paper ... ...most powerful qualitative data analysis software. Stallarholmen, Sweden: Form & Kunskap AB. Gibbs, G. (2002). Qualitative data analysis: Explorations with NVivo. Buckingham: Open University. Grbich, C. (2007). Qualitative data analysis: An introduction. London: SAGE Publications. Maxwell, J. A. (2012). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach (Vol. 41). Sage O'Regan, P. (2001). Financial information analysis. Chichester England: J. Wiley. Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2010). Practical Research Planning and Design (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Padgett, D. (2004). The qualitative research experience. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. Trochim, W., & Donnelly, J. (2008). The research methods knowledge base Mason, OH: Cengage. ISBN: 9781592602919 Wells, K. (2011). Narrative inquiry. New York: Oxford University Press. Ltd.
Rugg, G., & Petre, M. (2007). A gentle guide to research methods. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill/Open University Press.
Booth, W. C., Colomb, G. G., & Williams, J. M. (1995). The craft of research. Chicago, IL: The
After Susan Cameron was elected the role of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in 2014, she has increased the number of Caucasian and Latino women into key positions within the company. Even though the entry level is extremely diverse and talented, the need for black men and women into higher level positions has not been addressed. For example, out of the 21 directing managers in the department there are only 2 black males and no females in those positions. Even though it is not proven entirely that a person’s ethic group or gender will increase the level of performance done within the workplace, the CEO has proven within the tobacco industry that a person doesn’t not have to fit the norm of society that was placed centuries ago being that she is a woman and not a
“The history of the Glass Ceiling Commission dates back to 1986 when Wall Street Journal reported a pattern of highly accomplished women being passed over for upper-level promotions due to an invisible barrier”. The term “glass-ceiling” first entered America’s public conversation almost two decades ago, when the Corporate Woman column from The Wall Street Journal identified this new phenomenon. “There seem to be an invisible –but impenetrable- barrier between women and the executive suite, preventing them from reaching the highest levels of the business world regardless of th...
The "glass ceiling" has held women back from certain positions and opportunities in the workplace. Women are stereotyped as part-time, lower-grade workers with limited opportunities for training and advancement because of this "glass ceiling". How have women managed their careers when confronted by this glass ceiling? It has been difficult; American women have struggled for their role in society since 1848. Women’s roles have changed significantly throughout the past centuries because of their willingness and persistence. Women have contributed to the change pace of their role in the workplace by showing motivation and perseverance.
Trochim, W. M., & Donnelly, J. P. (2008). The research methods knowledge base. Mason, OH: Cengage.
Marlese Durr and Adia M. Harvey Wingfield chose to address this topic by collecting data from two sources. “One involved using direct participant observation from 2005 to 2007 while in conversation with 20 African American women over occupational mobility issues” (Durr, Wingfield, 195). They had a specific criteria for the women they chose for this set of data, with them all being college graduates between 30 to 55 years of age who were employed in professional or managerial positions “that contained less than 10 black employees throughout the levels of administration or management, and required working effectively in workgroups” (Durr, Wingfield, 196). The second set of data they obtained was a little different from the first; Durr and Wingfield obtained a larger sample of 25 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with African American professionals (196). The respondents were found due to a snowball sample, and they were “employed in various professional posts in work environments where they estimated African Americans constituted 10 percent or fewer of professional employees” (Durr, Wingfield, 196). Both of these sources aided in their research to discover the experiences women of color deal with on a daily basis in a professional setting and acted as a guide to answer the specific questions they posed
The father of quantitative analysis, Rene Descartes, thought that in order to know and understand something, you have to measure it (Kover, 2008). Quantitative research has two main types of sampling used, probabilistic and purposive. Probabilistic sampling is when there is equal chance of anyone within the studied population to be included. Purposive sampling is used when some benchmarks are used to replace the discrepancy among errors. The primary collection of data is from tests or standardized questionnaires, structured interviews, and closed-ended observational protocols. The secondary means for data collection includes official documents. In this study, the data is analyzed to test one or more expressed hypotheses. Descriptive and inferential analyses are the two types of data analysis used and advance from descriptive to inferential. The next step in the process is data interpretation, and the goal is to give meaning to the results in regards to the hypothesis the theory was derived from. Data interpretation techniques used are generalization, theory-driven, and interpretation of theory (Gelo, Braakmann, Benetka, 2008). The discussion should bring together findings and put them into context of the framework, guiding the study (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). The discussion should include an interpretation of the results; descriptions of themes, trends, and relationships; meanings of the results, and the limitations of the study. In the conclusion, one wants to end the study by providing a synopsis and final comments. It should include a summary of findings, recommendations, and future research (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). Deductive reasoning is used in studies...
Thematic analysis is espoused to be the foundational approach to qualitative analysis and methods (Saunders et al., 2016 as stated in Braun and Clarke, 2006: 78) and it is a useful method used to identify and analyse the order and patterns of qualitative data (Attride-Stirling, 2001). Qualitative research method depicts the correlation that exists between data and events, creating the pictorial representation of what one thinks a given data says (Saunders et al., 2016). They also opined that, qualitative data analysis is cogent, interactive and iterative. Also, Joana and Jill (2011) and Saunders et al (2016) postulate that, qualitative research brings meanings from words and images as opposed to numbers. However, despite its robustness and rigour of its application, it is skewed more to the interpretivist ideologies since researchers draw conclusion from participants and the hypothesis being forecasted (Joana and Jill, 2011; Saunders et al., 2016).
Another target populations, has been the “glass ceiling,” or invisible barrier, that keeps women and minorities from attaining top jobs. While the ideal of equal opportunity is espoused, it is far from a reality. Women and minorities continue to “peak out” at a low level of management. Kelborn (1995) (pg.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 3rd Edition. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Qualitative data analysis is the process of transforming data into information, information into understanding and understanding into knowledge (Davenport & Prusak, 1998). Furthermore, qualitative data analysis can be described as a blend of scientific studies and artistic style to create an innovative product. The research acts as the primary research tool, and must be able to sustain composer throughout the entire study. In addition, the researcher must be able to pay attention to the small details of the study, without losing sight of the big picture of the study (Chenail, 2012).
Research can be very difficult to do if there is no blueprint to follow. However thanks to Leedy and Ormond (2010) we now have 8 characteristics that are the basis for our research but we have no tools. Tools are necessary for any task because they make the job easier to complete. The same applies to conducting research. We have the blueprint now we just need the right tools. Leedy and Ormrod (2010) list the general tools which include the human mind, the computer and its software, the library and its resources, statistics, measurement techniques and language. This paper will describe each task while placing emphasis on the most important to the least important tool. This paper will also discuss the methodology of each tool.
Women leaders have the crucial soft skills of empathy, innovation, facilitation, and active listening (Masaoka, 2006). They also have first-hand life experiences that bring technical skills and experiences from the street level to the workplace (Masoka, 2006). Women often build stronger relationships with clients and outside contacts than their male counterparts. This relationship building skill, provides a key aspect which helps to move businesses forward (Giber et al., 2009). Fortune 500 companies with a high percentage of women significantly outperformed those with fewer women. Companies with the highest representation of women showed higher returns on equity than those with fewer women employees (Giber et al., 2009). Thus, future organizations may have a higher percentage of female leaders than we have experienced in the past. Future leaders must ensure that there is equality among the workforce and that women are accurately represented among the
Madhu Bala, 2005 [68]) Qualitative data is often collected by observation, open-ended interviewing and document review. Qualitative data is in detailed description or narrative format. Analysis of qualitative data emphasizes understanding phenomena as they exist, not following pre-determined hypothesis.