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relation between art and society
industrial revolution art society
relation between art and society
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Gerard Sekoto. Song of the Pick. 1946-1947. Oil on board. Private collection. (Loots. 2002)
I have chosen to describe the artwork Song of the Picks by Gerard Sekoto. I will look at what defines a work as modern and discuss Sekoto's background to fully understand his work and to prove whether it is modern. Several people influenced, supported and encouraged Sekoto and I will briefly discuss them. I will give a brief history of European modernity and its influence on Africa in order to understand African modernity.
Modernity started with industrial revolution and Enlightenment in the 18th century in Europe, it encouraged the move from rural to urban and from agrarian to industrial. Before modernisation 'the group' was more important - but then the individual become more important as society advanced. Industrialisation is also linked with progress, if you don't move forward then you move backwards which is regressing to the 'primitive'. Ethnocentrism becomes more important, your ethnicity is at the centre and everyone else's ethnicity must follow yours. But quite often development can breed discontent, and people were unhappy with modernisation, as a result colonisation started. Colonisation was a political and economic phenomena where by various nations send settlers to explore, conquer and settle. This had a big influence on art. African art is classified according to pre and post colonialism, but African art also spread to Europe where it influenced movements such as Impressionism. (William, 1985:212)
This discontent also had a big influence on artists, and they reacted differently as a result of it. Courbet painted pictures of labourers and everyday scenes, which was revolutionary for his time. Seurat developed his individual...
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...theartstory.org/artist-kirchner-ernst-ludwig.htm. (18 May 2011)
Buchheim, LG. 1960. The Graphic art of German Expressionism. Universe Books.
Hill, A. (7 October 2001).”Gauguin's erotic Tahiti idyll exposed as a sham.” London: The Guardian. Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/oct/07/arts.highereducation. (20 May 2011)
William, SR. 1984."Primitivism" in 20th century art: affinity of the tribal and the modern, Volume 1. New York(N.Y.): Museum of Modern Art.
No name. No date. Pigment through the ages, visible and beyond. [Online] Available at: www.webexhibits.org/pigments/intro/visible.html. (20 May 2011)
Herbert, B. 1983. German expressionism:Die Brücke and Der Blaue Reiter. Jupiter Books.
No name. No date. German Expressionist, the home of German Expressionist arts. [Online] Available at: http://www.germanexpressionist.com/. (20 May 2011)
Hughes, Robert. American Visions: The Epic History of Art in America. 1st ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1997. Print.
In the Enseigne, art is also shown to serve a function that it has always fulfilled in every society founded on class differences. As a luxury commodity it is an index of social status. It marks the distinction between those who have the leisure and wealth to know about art and posses it, and those who do not. In Gersaint’s signboard, art is presented in a context where its social function is openly and self-consciously declared. In summary, Watteau reveals art to be a product of society, nevertheless he refashions past artistic traditions. Other than other contemporary painters however, his relationship to the past is not presented as a revolt, but rather like the appreciative, attentive commentary of a conversational partner.
Michael, Douma. "Prussian Blue and Vermillion." Pigments Through Ages. Institute for Dynamic Educational Development, 2008. Web. 30 Apr. 2014.
The German Expressionist movement was a number of movements that began in Germany during the start of the 20th century. It mainly dealt with poetry, painting, art and cinema. The success of expressionist films helped Germany seen as the most technically advanced in the world. The expressionist style can be...
Many African cultures see life as a cycle we are born, we grow and mature, enter adulthood, and one day we will eventually die but the cycle continues long after death. In Africa art is used as a way to express many things in their society, in this paper I will focus on different ways traditional African art are used to describe the cycle of one’s life. Since Africa is such a large continent it is important to keep in mind that every country and tribe has different rituals and views when it comes to the cycle of life. It is estimated to be well over a thousand different ethnic groups and cultures in Africa today. Thousands of cultures in Africa see the stages of life bound together in a continuous cycle; a cycle of birth, growth, maturity,
Angeles, Los. (2009). African arts. Volume 28. Published by African Studies Center, University of California.
Goldwater, Robert and Marco Treves (eds.). Artists on Art: from the XIV to the XX Century. New York: Pantheon Books, 1945.
Varnedoe, Kirk. A Fine Disregard: What Makes Modern Art Modern. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1990. 152. Print.
In sub-Saharan Africa, thousands of languages, cultures, and geographical regions helped influence our African society. The ways in which we produce our artwork, spiritual ideals, and ritual performances are organic and raw. From the tropical regions of Congo and Ghana, to the arid regions of Mali; I pass through the global gateway into a domain where the Western world lost its roots and artistic imagination and grandeur. Africa appeals most to me for its ability to create a realm where the living, dead, and artistic ideals come into a single unit of tranquil philosophy.
Technology and social change have long been vital in the evolution of graphic design and its importance in the society. In particular was the Industrial Revolution between 1760 and 1840, which brought about the transformation from agrarian to industrialized societies across Europe and America. Mass production was made possible by new technologies; availability and variety of goods increased and cost of manufacturing decreased, accompanied by the higher standard of living for many people. A consequence of mass production on graphic design was that it led to the demise of the unity between design and production. Craftsmen were replaced by modern technologies, sacrificing artistry for speed and cheaper production.
In the late 18th century, many countries were slowly being transformed into industrialized places; cities were getting bigger, industries were growing everywhere and many technologies like steam engines were appearing. This phenomenon called the Industrial Revolution first started in England and then spread to France and Germany. Industrialization helped in the development of society, the economy and at some point, art, but it also left behind a devastated society. In fact, the Industrial Revolution was a great inspiration for artists who lived in that time. For instance, the impressionist French artist Claude Monet painted La Gare de Saint-Lazare (1877) at the beginning of the revolution. Adolph Menzel, a German realist painter, also depicted the revolution with his painting The Iron Rolling Mill (1875) and William Blake, a British romantic artist, wrote a poem named “London” (1794) in which the main theme is the revolution. Although they are all from a different cultural movements, including Impressionism, Realism and Romanticism, they all depict the effects of the industrial revolution with a pessimistic view.
The French Revolution, indeed, changed the structure of economics and social sphere of the old regime, and also the ideology of that time. In the years that followed the Revolution, the always increasing senses of both freedom and individuality were evident, not only in French society, but also in art. As stated by Dowd, “leaders of the French Revolution consciously employed all forms of art to mobilize public sentiment in favor of the New France and French nationalism.” In between all the artistic areas, the art of painting had a special emphasis. After the Revolution, the French art academies and also schools were now less hierarchical and there was, now, more freedom of engaging into new themes, not being the apprentices so tied up to their masters footsteps, not being so forced to follow them.
Kasfir, S. L. (2007) African Art and the Colonial Encounter: Inventing a Global Commodity, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
In the book “Ways of Seeing,” John Berger explains several essential aspects of art through influence of the Marxism and art history that relates to social history and the sense of sight. Berger examines the dominance of ideologies in the history of traditional art and reflects on the history, class, and ideology as a field of cultural discourse, cultural consumption and cultural practice. Berger argues, “Realism is a powerful link to ownership and money through the dominance of power.”(p.90)[1] The aesthetics of art and present historical methodology lack focus in comparison to the pictorial essay. In chapter six of the book, the pictorial imagery demonstrates a variety of art forms connoting its realism and diversity of the power of connecting to wealth in contradiction to the deprived in the western culture. The images used in this chapter relate to one another and state in the analogy the connection of realism that is depicted in social statues, landscapes, and portraiture, also present in the state of medium that was used to create this work of art.
Norris, George. “Expressionism: Its Spiritual and Social Voice.” VCCA Journal Electronic Edition. 1996. 16 November 2002