Gender and Lung Cancer

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Recommended: The effect of smoking on lung disease and lung cancer

Literature Review
Lung cancer is the growth of abnormal cells in the lungs; it can either be in one or also in both. The growth of the lungs makes it easier for tumors to grow in them, which then causes cancer. Some symptoms that a person with lung cancer experiences is the following: coughing, pain in chest, shortness of breath, changes in voice, harsh sounds when breathing etc. There are different causes of lunch cancer in humans, the number one cause would be tobacco smoking, and other causes would be exposure to radon, secondhand smoke and air pollution (Zang, & Wynder, 1996). Another risk factor would be work place exposure to asbestos, diesel exhaust and other strong chemicals. For example, Kaphingst, Lachance, and Condit (2009) state that there are cases in which lung cancer occurs in younger people who may not be exposed to these factors but have certain genetic changes that can also be a cause.
There may also be random events that cause lung cancer, which researchers are still trying to figure out (Weinstein, Marcus, & Moser, 2005). Researchers are continuing to find better ways of treating and caring for patients who are diagnosed or and at risk to getting lung cancer. In this study we will be looking into the following research questions regarding lung cancer and its relation to gender. Our first research question would be who is more prone to lung cancer, men or women. The null hypothesis would be that there is no difference between gender and lung cancer.
Methods
This study will be looking into gender differences being related to lung cancer. Studies look into gender differences because of the leveling off of men being diagnosed with lung cancer and the continuing rise of women being diagnosed with lung cancer (Hea...

... middle of paper ...

... and not just in the U.S.

Reference
Health Information National Trends Survey (2003, 2005). National Cancer Institute. Retrieved from http://hints.cancer.gov/topic.aspx?section=Lung+Cancer
Healy, M. (2014). Lung cancer rates down, with narrowing gender gap. The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://articles.latimes.com/2014/jan/09/science/la-sci-lung-cancer-down-20140109
Kaphingst, K.A., Lachance, C.R., Condit, C.M. (2009). Beliefs about heritability of cancer and health information seeking and preventive behaviors. J Cancer Educ, 24(4), 351–56.
Weinstein, N. D., Marcus, S. E., & Moser, R. P. (2005). Smokers' unrealistic optimism about their risk. Tobacco Control, 14(1), 55–59.
Zang, E.A., & Wynder, E.L. (1996). Differences in lung cancer risk between men and women: Examination of the evidence. Journal of the National Cancer institute, 88 (3/4), 183-192.

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