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FASB Accounting Standards Codification system and the standard-setting process
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Financial Accounting Statement 142
Intangible assets are an increasingly important economic resource for many businesses. Intangible assets have also become a greater portion of assets gained in an acquisition or business combination. Therefore, more useful information about intangible assets is needed for both those involved in the transaction and potential investors in the public community. Statement 142 replaces Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 17, Intangible Assets in order to produce better information on which the public can rely.
APB Opinion No. 17 was issued in August of 1970 and involves intangible assets acquired from companies or individuals. The Opinion states that the cost of the acquisition of intangible assets should be classified as intangible assets. For intangible assets that are not easily identifiable, the Opinion states that the cost of developing these assets should be charged against income as they occur. However, intangible assets that are developed internally will not be added as an asset to the balance sheet according to Opinion 17. Finally, the Opinion’s policy on amortization is as follows: intangible assets should be amortized over the period of benefits; however amortization should not exceed forty years. Therefore, the theory behind this amortization rule is that the value of the intangible assets will disappear over the period of amortization.
“Statement 142 addresses the financial accounting and reporting acquired goodwill and other intangible assets and supersedes APB Opinion No. 17, Intangible Assets.” The Statement was issued in June 2001 in order to improve and change policies of Opinion 17 for intangible assets, and to specify how to treat goodwill. The Statement discusses how assets that are gained upon acquisition, either individually or with a group of assets should be accounted for in financial statements. Upon acquisition intangible assets should be recorded at fair value on the balance sheet. (Fair value is the amount at which the asset can be sold in a current transaction between willing parties, such as a quoted market price. ) However, internally developed intangible assets should not be recognized on the balance sheet, and should be recognized as an expense when incurred (just as stated in Opinion 17).
The Statement says that intangible assets with a limited life should be amortized over the useful life period. The useful life of an intangible asset is the period in which that asset is expected to contribute to future cash flows of the entity. In order to determine the useful life many factors are to be considered: how long the entity is expecting to use the asset, how long a comparable asset has lasted in the company, and legal and economic factors, to name a few.
...and the useful life of the machine should be calculated. Then, depending on the method used, the total cost of the machine is considered as a long term asset and depreciated over the life expectancy of the asset.
B) assets are generally listed on the balance sheet at their historical cost, not their current value.
The proposed standard update regarding Intangibles – Goodwill and Other Internal-Use Software provides clarity on the accounting for implementation costs of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract and requires additional disclosures surrounding this area to provide financial statement users with more information surrounding the internal-use implementation costs and hosting arrangements. Per ASC 350-40-15-4A, the proposed update will be applicable to internal-use software that a customer obtains access to in a hosting arrangement, given that the customer has the contractual right to take possession of the software at any time without a significant penalty, and it is feasible for the customer to run the software on its own hardware or contract with another unrelated party to host the software. Hosting arrangements that don’t meet both criteria in ASC 350-40-15-4A are considered service contracts. The implementation costs of a hosting arrangement for identified service contracts are to be treated as though they were an internal-use computer
The carrying value of goodwill and many other intangible assets was 28.1 billion and 9.8 billion as of December 31,2014. Goodwill unswervingly impacts the asset turnover ratio by cumulative amounts, hence the reason why it is incessantly beneficial to grasp what the adjusted total asset turnover is and how it compares to other businesses within the industry.
Sellers and buyers have different approaches to valuation of goodwill. The seller will likely inflate goodwill whereas the buyer is likely to deflate it. Goodwill, being an intangible asset is not easily identified or measured. It includes customer lists and relationships, brand name and logo recognition, business connections, reputation, trademarks, patents, inventions, employees, and vendor relationships among others. All these things are part of a business one may want to sell or want to buy.
Depreciation helps match the expense of using long lived assets with the revenues the assets helped to produce> what means is that Delta ns Singapore pole Air line depreciates one of its airplanes, it is trying to match the cost of air flight to the revenue that air craft helped to produce. Because air crafts can be an item used for more than one income statement period, Delta and Singapore Airlines don't recognize the air crafts entire cost as an expense immediately. Instead, the companies record them as assets on the balance sheet. Then, in each year of the assets useful life, the companies should recognize a portion of the Item's costs as an expense.
Lowe's Home Improvement counted intangible assets in their acquisitions section. The total amount of intangible assets was $1,413,000,000. Intangible asset types at Lowe's Home Improvement include trademarks, dealer relations, goodwill, and other assets.
There was a trend in rise of the net property & equipment related assets since 2002 to 2004. This boost in net property and equipment assets was related to the acquisition strategy conducted by Applebee’s. For the $34 millions acquisitions of 21 restaurants in Washington D.C. area on November 7, 2002; $24 millions has been allocated to the fair value of property and equipment plus $10 millions in goodwill. This has caused a jump in net property & equipment assets for 2002 to jumped 16% and Intangibles assets to jumped 12% when compared to 2001. Since most of the purchased are by cash, this has caused a 31% decreased in the Cash & Equivalents for Applebee’s balance sheet. For the 11 Applebee’s restaurants acquisitions in Illinois, Indianan, Kentucky, and Missouri for $21.8 million on March 24, 2003, $7.9 millions were allocated to the fair value of property and equipment, the other $16.6 millions went to goodwill, plus a net liabilities in additions of $1.3...
In the operating budget, the organization prepares to include the costs of acquisition of items to assist in providing goods and services in more than one fiscal year. In the case of Denison, the organization considers a capital purchase of $500,000 in oncology equipment to better serve their patients. The purchase of the new equipment will be paid immediately, however, the equipment maintains a five-year life span and expected to be used evenly over that life time (Finkler et al., 2013). After the five-year life of the equipment, the value amounts to zero because the capital item charges as an expense on a straight-line depreciation—the cost of asset spread over the useful life (Hui, 2013). The following graph illustrates the depreciation expense of the oncology equipment purchased by Denison Hospital.
...ciates its assets on a straight line basis. Both IAS 16 and GAAP, depreciates assets over its expected useful life.
Lange, Fornaro, and Buttermilch (2015) focused their research on the FASB Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2011-08, in regards to Intangibles – Goodwill and Other: Testing Goodwill for Impairment. The authors elaborated on how reporting has been done in the past and how the changes made for private companies has helped ease the financial reporting of goodwill. In addition, the authors discussed the definition of a public business entity. This helps to allow private companies to determine the proper way to report their financial
The FAS has made changes throughout the years in the way to account for goodwill. Goodwill is when a company attempts to merge with another company to obtain the valuable intangible assets. These assets are anything that can 't be seen or touched. Valuable intangibles can be anything like a company name because it is well known. Many times companies will decide to merge because it can be beneficial to them to merge with well-known entities. This can also be less costly and less time-consuming versus building a brand new business on its own. On many occasions, gooodwill is amortized on accounting records. Amortization is not the most favorable approach for companies who are trying to attract investors. This because when amortization is not present in the books, it means that there aren 't high physical cash profits for shareholders.
Additionally, all acquisition transactions initiated after June 30, 2001, require the use of purchase accounting for financial reporting purposes. FAS 141 discusses purchase accounting and requires the price to be allocated to all assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair market values. The excess purchase price is then allocated to goodwill and instead of being amortized, is tested for impairment each year.
The revenue/cost period-: Revenue and the cost period in accounting that the company get income from normal business activities. It’s referred to normal business income that the company got by selling their product and service.
ABC LTD COMPREHENSIVE INCOME STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2012 NOTE 2012 Revenue 2 828,500 Cost of sales 3 (460,000) Gross profit 368,500 Other income 4 2,500 Operating expenses 5 361000 Profit before income tax 10000 Income tax expense (30%) 3,000 Profit for the year 7000 Other comprehensive income change in revaulation surplus 38500 Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax 38500 Total comprehensive income for the year 45500 ABC LTD STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2012 NOTES 2012 ASSETS Current assets Cash and cash equivalents 6 100500 Trade and other receivables 7 45,200 Inventories 8 87700 Other current assets 9 7000