Sources of Finance Sources of finance are the different methods for a business to earn and obtain money. There are lots of ways to obtain money but two large basic sources of finance, which are the “owner’s capital” and “capital borrowed”. They are also called internal sources of finance and external sources of finance. In those sources, they are mainly divided in two groups, which are short-term sources of finance and long-term sources of finance. Short-Term Finance Short-term finance is an amount of money, which is borrowed, will be repaid in one year. (Nickels, McHugh, McHugh, N.D.) Long-Term Finance Long-term finance is an amount of borrowed money will be repaid over a specific time period which is longer than one year or into the future. (Nickels, McHugh, McHugh, N.D.) Internal Sources of Finance Internal sources are the sources of information within the company, used to compile market research as a basis for marketing decisions (ITS Education Asia, 2005). In the internal sources, some of the funds are come from the owners themselves, and some of the funds are provided by the families and friends when the type of the business firms is sole trader or partnership. Besides, those funds can also be generated from the profits of the business. In the “owner’s capital”, it involves two several ways, they are the owner’s capital, profits, retained earnings, dividend policy, credit control, reducing inventories levels, delaying payment to trade payables, sale of stock and debt collection. Internal Sources of Short-Term Finance Owner’s capital means the resources that the entrepreneur put when he starts the business. That capital can be many different things, for example machineries, equipment and money. In different forms of business ... ... middle of paper ... ...ower to wait a year or before to start to make the repayment. Somehow, some loans can be repaid at the end of the period instead of instalments. Besides, security, for example some assets and the properties of the business, is needed for the bank loan. There are three advantages in the bank loan. First, the timing and the amount of the repayment is known when getting the bank loan, so it is quite easy to budget. Second, there is also a repayment holiday, so the repayment schedule is quite flexibility. Third, the interest rates can be discussed and it can be lower than the overdraft. However, it is because the business loan is a long-term commitment, which is needed to service and this will be to high interest rate. Besides, security such as the house of the business owner is needed and this will not be good to the owner if the business is failed. (Cox, Fardon, 2009)
Financing decisions focus on how an organization can pay for its major projects. The financing decisions also determine the source of money in the organization. The business may require more cash for capital investments as compare to cash generated within the organization. There are two options for business to generate cash one is to obtain cash from owners, and other is to obtain cash from lenders (Kaplan Financial, 2015).
In order to analyse the impacts of an increase in interest rates on the loanable fund market, the reasons behind the possible rate rise in the near future will be looked upon.
When starting a business an important question arises, how to finance the company. The steady economic growth combined with low interest rates has produced a lot of liquidity in debt and equity markets. For example, in 2005, non-financial corporate business borrowing increased dramatically to $289 billion, compared to the mere $174 billion it was in 2004 and the $85 billion it was in 2003 (Chung). The outcome of using only debt financing or only equity financing is mostly direct. Businesses run ino the issue when a company’s finance requires both debt and equity characteristics, changing the tax effects greatly (Hanke).
Line of credit: They are a specified amount of money accessible for a specified time period, usually for a year. They can be drawn as needed during seasonal shortages of cash and this is the problem which is face by Dinner Bell hotel. They are of two types; committed and uncommitted. Committed is guaranteed when he company meet all of the conditions and Sarah does not approve of the conditions imposed by the bank thus she could go for uncommitted line of credit. However it has its flaws which are that in uncommitted the bank does not guarantee that it will give loan when the company needs it thus Dinner Bell could not rely upon it. Another flaw is that
The sources of this capital may either be internal (contribution from shareholders in the form of equity; ploughed back revenue et cetera); or they could external (borrowing from banks; private equity firms; development finance institutions; capital markets et cetera).
If you receive cash you are likely to save it and put it in the bank. Thus, what a business sacrifices by having to wait for the cash inflows is the interest lost on the sum that would have been saved.
McLaney, E., 2003. Business Finance: Theory and Practice. 6th ed. Harlow England: Pearson Education Limited.
Borrow long-term loans from local banks – These are a common way of financing major purchases of an organization. An advantage is that it is directly linked to an organizations operating capacity. Another advantage of long-term loans from local banks is that it enables a firm engage in large projects. Although its disadvantage is that the banks charge high interest rates.
What is capital structure? Capital structure describes the specific mixture of long-term debt and equity the firm uses to finance its operation and growth. The risk and value of the firm will be affected by this mixture. Hence, it is often a challenging task for the finance managers to determine the optimal capital structure. An error free decision is critical to avoid an incorrect financing decision (Eriotis, Vasilou & Neokosmidi, 2007) and different levels of debt and equity used in capital structure suggest that managers may employ firm-specific strategies for improved performance (Gleason, Mathur, & Mathur, 2000).
The greater part of finance demand from these enterprises is in the form of debt, estimated at about INR 26 trillion. Overall demand for equity in the SME sector is INR 6.5 trillion, which makes up 20 percent of the total demand. The sector has high leverage ratios with average debt-equity ratio of 4:1. But these leverage ratios are not even across the sector and variations exist based on the size of the enterprise. For instance medium-scale enterprises exhibit a more balanced debt-equity ratio of 2:1. The unregistered enterprises, which comprise 94 percent of the SME sector, account for INR 30 trillion of the finance demand. This demand estimate does not take into account the demand for finance by unorganized
The first part of this paper will compare and contrast the techniques of cash management that are available to a financial manager and his/her company. Cash management techniques include collection/disbursement float, Electronic Funds Transfer, international cash management, and marketable securities. The second part of this paper will compare and contrast the methods of short-term financing that are available to a financial manager and his or her company. Methods of short-term financing include trade credit, bank loans, commercial paper, foreign borrowing, receivables financing, and inventory financing.
A Company’s policy generally is to have different types of investors for their securities. Therefore, a capital structure should give enough choice to all kind of investors to invest. Usually bold and adventurous investors go for equity shares and loans & debentures are often raised keeping into mind conscious
Capital is the important element for all kinds of business transactions, which are formed by the nature and size of business firm. Capital is raised by the help of several sources of funds. If the firm maintains adequate and proper level of investment capital, this will earns high profits to the company and this can be provided more wealth to its share holders.
...s to finance its operations. The financial manager must decide how much the firm should borrow as well as the least expenses sources of funds for the firm. How and where to raise the money are important decisions that the manager must correctly make so that no financial consequences occur. Companies borrow money from a vast variety of lenders and a variety of ways so the always be aware of the possible options regarding this.
The capital structure of a firm is the way in which it decides to finance its operations from various funds, comprising debt, such as bonds and outstanding loans, and equity, including stock and retained earnings. In the long term, firms seek to find the optimal debt-equity ratio. This essay will explore the advantages and disadvantages of different capital structure mixes, and consider whether this has any relevance to firm value in theory and in reality.