Fiber optics
Thesis:
Some of the important features of the fiber optics that we are interested are discussed below.
Now a days we are using copper wires as they are the most cost effective and reliable interconnect in parallel machines. However as machines grow more powerful, wire density becomes critical making fiber possible alternatives because of their small wire size.
Fiber optics are used mainly to use effectively its high bandwidth. On a single fiber lots of information/data can be transmitted concurrently and in parallel. Over 1000
high bandwidth (100-200 Mb/s) independant channels or busses can be supported on a single optical fiber. Furthermore multiple buses can co-exist on a single
fiber. Fiber links allow a number of high speed serial links to replace a large number of electrical lines. The use of fiber is thus space saving.
The input and output properties of the fiber are very important. They give us an idea about the nature and working of fiber materials. The fiber cables can transport light signals from one place to another place just similar to the way the metallic conductors transport electric signals. The fiber cables guide light around bends and they are able to carry light for very long distances with very little attenuation. But the transmission characteristics of the fiber are not complete and completely efficient. The fiber cables introduce loss of light and smearing of the modulation imposed on the light signals to represent information. These affects of delay distortion and attenuation limit the distances that can be spanned without electro-optic repeaters and thus limit the information rates which can be carried over long distances as well.
Make of fiber optic cables.
Turns out they can be made of just glass, glass plus polymers, or just polymers ("plastic optical fibers" -POF-). The most basic optical fiber consist of:
a) An inner cylinder with high refractive index, called the core.
b) Middle cylinder with a lower refractive index, called the cladding.
c) An outer protective polymer layer (usually polyurethane or PVC) called the jacket.
For glass optical fibers, the diameter of the core ranges between 10-600 microns, the cladding thickness is between 125-630 microns, and that of the jacket varies between 250-1040 microns. For POF all diameters range between 750-2000 microns. As can be seen, one of ...
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...le mode fiber cables.
Saleim, M. (2000). Single-mode fiber cables. Optics Letters, 25(19), 1430-2.
This source provides details regarding the single mode fiber optic cables. Here we study about the details of single mode fiber cables like their make, the path of light inside the core etc.
Samuel, R. (1994). Fundamentals of fiber optics. New York: Wiley.
This source provides details about the basics of fiber optic cables. We study about the basic parts that make up the fiber optics like the transmitters, receivers, fiber cables design etc. This gives me good knowledge about the fiber optics, which will be important in my research work.
Tom, N.H. (1995). Fiber Optics theory and practice. New York: McGraw- Hill.
This source gives details about the coaxial cables , their properties their uses etc. This study helps in determining the types of cables that should for a particular application. We have a choice to select between the fiber cable and coaxial cable.
Wiseman, C. (2000). Fiber shines light on many industries. Laser Focus World, 36(8),
197-200.
This source provides details about the details about the implementation of fiber optics and where they are used.
... Kites are symbolic in the novel as it helps to support the themes of guilt, redemption and freedom in the novel. In the beginning of the story, Amir overhears Baba telling Rahim Khan that if Amir could not stand up for himself, he would never be able to stand up to anything when he becomes a man. It takes Amir over twenty years to finally muster up enough courage to stand up for himself in front of Assef. Amir takes the beatings from Assef as his punishment for what happened to Hassan. He rescues Sohrab and bonds with him through kite fighting, similar to when he flew kites with Hassan. Kites represent the freedom from the worries and burdens that Amir, Hassan and Sohrab has. It brings together the two participants in kite fighting. It gets rid of the discrimination of the ethnic caste system, any cultural differences, and also emphasizes unity amongst difference.
In this two part lab we are to build a spectroscope from parts included with our lab kit to visualize and analyze the spectra of several light sources. In the second part of the lab we are to build a pinhole viewer. We are to then take the pinhole viewer and measure the diameter of the sun and moon. After completing both parts of the lab, there are several questions that need addressing. This paper examines and answers those questions.
In September 1959 DiVita asked 2nd Lt. Richard Sturzebecher if he knew of a way to produce a strong glass fiber that would be capable of carrying a light signal. Sturzebecher had melted 3 triaxil glass systems together for his senior exam at Alfred University. In his exam, Sturzebecher had used SiO2, a glass powder produced by Corning. Whenever he had tried to look at the substance through a microscope he would end up with headache. Sturzebecher realized that these headaches came from the high amounts of white light produced from the microscopes light that was reflected through the eyepiece via the SiO2. SiO2 would be an ideal substance for transmitting strong light signals if it could be developed into a strong fibre.
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In affluent school districts which in most if not all cases are predominantly white students have “the best teachers, most up-to-date textbooks and computers, and superior academic facilities.” School districts made up of mostly wealthy and white students have the money to pay for superior resources and staff. However, struggling schools in equally struggling school districts do not have the money to pay for better resources and staff to improve the education of economically disadvantaged and racial minority students. Students inside of these economically disadvantaged school districts are left at a large disadvantage when it comes to competing for a higher education with wealthy white students with a high quality education. These disadvantaged students are left to fend for themselves without the support system and quality resources that are afforded to wealthy white students when looking for future opportunities such as applying for college. African Americans and other minorities restricted from buying homes and building equity has kept them in a state where they have little to no chance to improve their condition. Even if the people in low-income neighborhoods are very talented and have a large amount of potential they have no way to exercise and build on that potential because they don’t have an opportunity to attain an
...a kite for Amir to put a smile on his face, and now that Hassan passed away, Amir is left with Sohrab who he repeats the same action with. In a way Amir did not truly find redemption as he was only trying to free himself from the consequences of sin rather than change for the better. In conclusion, redemption is so important because it frees a person from the sin and suffering they have endured.
The exercise completed above emphasized how to appropriately identify communication techniques and phases of interaction. The format for a therapeutic conversation stressed the importance of a therapeutic relationship with the client. Therapeutic relationship is defined as “a professional, interpersonal alliance in which the nurse and client join together for a defined period to achieve health-related treatment goals” (Arnold & Boggs, 2015, p. 181). The appropriate skills acquired to achieve a therapeutic relationship is important as it elicits focused-patient care, and allows the client to be educated and be properly informed of what is happening at the moment. The conversation addressed several things that influenced the communication with
All forms of commerce will benefit from fibre optic connectivity as it will lower the cost of communication, which is a vital part of any business. New opportunity for the growth of the data market will emerge as cheaper bandwidth should translate to more users.
Fiber optic technology has opened the door to many more communication opportunities for the world today. It provides higher fidelity long distance telephone conversations, as well as secure communication systems. Today, more than 90% of the United States long-distance traffic is already carried over optical fiber; more than 15 million miles have been installed, virtually all of it using the original design.
Currently, relatively few urban poor students go past the ninth grade. The graduation rates in large comprehensive inner-city schools are abysmally low. In fourteen such New York City Schools, for example, only 10 percent to 20 percent of ninth graders in 1996 graduated four years later. Despite the fact that low-income individuals desperately need a college degree to find decent employment, only 7 percent obtain a bachelors degree by age twenty-six. So, in relation to ...
The index of refraction is defined as the speed of light in vacuum divided by the speed of light in the medium. In this experiment, the index of refraction for the perspex is 1.50. Snell's Law relates the indices of refraction of the two media to the directions of propagation in terms of the angles to the normal. It refers to the relationship between the different angles of light as it passes from one transparent medium to another. When light passes from one transparent medium to another, it bends according to Snell's law which states: [IMAGE] where: n1 is the refractive index of the medium the light is leaving, n2 is the refractive index of the medium the light is entering, sin 2 is the is the incident angle between the light ray and the normal to the medium to medium interface, sin 1 is the refractive angle between the light ray and the normal to the medium to medium interface.
...MEMs design, I hope to advance my understanding. Through research at the graduate level, it is my hope to become familiar with, and innovate the design of MEMs Optics in hopes of creating a reliable and practical MEMs Electro-Optical Interface for use in consumer electronics. It is my hope, that through my research, optical waveguides for intradevice communication might be realized.
...n be put into practical use, every bulb used to transmit a data and will lead toward the cleaner, greener, safer and brighter future. Li-Fi may solve issues such as the shortage of radio-frequency bandwidth and is aimed at creating new communication channel with the use of existing equipment. The concept of Li-Fi is currently attracting a great deal of interest, not least because it may offer a genuine and very efficient alternative to radio-based wireless.
Fiber optics is a new technology that uses rays of light instead of electricity to transmit information over optical fibers at very high speeds. The optical fibers are usually thin strands of glass that are combined into cables and used to send information and computer data in the form of pulses of light. The optical fibers provide much clearer transmission than conventional copper cable and satellite links. The world market for optical fiber continues to grow rapidly, with shipments increasing 14 percent from an estimated 7.0 million kilometers of fiber in 1990 to approximately 8.0 million in 1991. The demand for multimode fiber is predicted to continue to expand through the mid-1990s, with some market analysts indicating that 15 to 20 percent annual growth over the next three years is reasonable. Strong demand is expected for singlemode and multimode fiber to be used in cables for local area networks, telecommunications, cable television (CATV), and transoceanic fiber-optic systems.