Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)
INTRODUCTION
Feline immunodeficiency virus, or also known as feline AIDS, is a lentivirus associated with an immunodeficiency disease in domestic cats (Summers, p. 233). This disease is host specific, only affecting cats that are mainly living outdoors and it mainly affects male, intact cats. There are many clinical signs that are associated with the FIV virus. The clinical signs range from mild to chronic symptoms, but some cats may remain asymptomatic by showing no symptoms for long periods of time. There are also a few ways to prevent cats from being exposed to the FIV virus. Clients who own a cat should be aware of what this virus is by being aware of the clinical signs, prevention methods, how to diagnose this virus, treatment methods and the prognosis of this disease.
FIV causes a lifelong infection and gradually progressive decline in immune function that leads to an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. FIV has a primary tropism for lymphocytes but also infects macrophages, salivary glands, and the central nervous system. FIV primarily infects and gradually destroys sub-populations of T lymphocytes. After a prolonged, clinically silent latent period that can extend for years, the progressive loss of T lymphocytes results in an immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by chronic and recurrent infections. FIV infection is lifelong and eventually fatal. The natural incubation period for FIV averages five years. (Sherding, p. 127)Manifestations include chronic weight loss, opportunistic infections, chronic inflammatory conditions, and increased risk for malignant neoplasia (Sherding, p. 126). Feline immunodeficiency virus is transmitted primarily by aggressive bite wounds, and is present in ...
... middle of paper ...
...n 50% remained asymptomatic for the 2-year follow-up period (Sherding, p. 131)
To summarize everything up, Clients who own a cat should be aware of what this virus is by being aware of the clinical signs, prevention methods, how to diagnose this virus, treatment methods and the prognosis of this disease.
Sources Cited:
• Birchard, S. J., & Sherding, R. G. (2006). Feline Immunodeficiency Virus. Saunders manual of small animal practice (3rd ed., pp. 126-131). St. Louis, Mo.: Saunders Elsevier.
• Greene, C. E. (1998). Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Infectious diseases of the dog and cat (2nd ed., pp. 84-92). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
• Summers, A. (2007). Feline Immunodeficiency Virus. Common diseases of companion animals (2nd ed., pp. 233-235). St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby.
Ex: Greene (1998) stated…”….” (p. 84)
Statement (Greene, 1998, p. 84)
The Urocyon littoralis (Island fox) populations that inhabit the California Channel islands have significantly decreased since 1994. This paper reviews prior pathogen exposure in these populations, and examines the present threat through the use of a serologic survey of sympatric feral cats in 2001-2003 on three of the islands, and a survey of the foxes on all of the islands for antibodies against canid pathogens. The results suggest that the foxes were exposed to canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus, canine parvovirus, and toxoplasma before its population decline, while other pathogen exposure was rare. In 2001-2003, the foxes had exposure to canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus, and canine parvovirus, while the other viruses were less common. This suggests that sharing of pathogens and infectious agents between the feral cats
Feline panleukopenia is endemic to cats worldwide. The virus has been identified since the early 20th century. The virus is so severe that it was referred to as “cat plague” in earlier times when infections worldwide nearly wiped out cat populations in certain geographic areas. Now FPV rarely occurs in domestic populations in which vaccination is routinely practiced. There is a seasonality to the occurrence of FPV that usually coincides with the production of new populations of susceptible kittens. This seasonal effect may vary according to geographic location. In the northeastern United States, most cases of FPV are seen in the summer and early fall. However, outbreaks of FPV may occur at any time of the year. It is thought that feral domestic cat populations are a natural resevior for Feline panleukopenia virus.
Most animals are susceptible to the development of cancer at some stage of their life. Among all types of cancer, squamous cell carcinoma is one of the skin cancer that commonly affects domestic animals. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a type of cancer caused by neoplasms arising from the squamous epithelium of an animal regardless of species. However, this essay will only focus on this condition among felines since my chosen species is a white cat called Rosie. There are several forms of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma among felines, which are known as solar keratosis and multicentric squamous cell carcinoma in situ, sometimes known as Bowen’s-like disease, but in this case, Rosie is diagnosed with
Tilley, Lawrence P., and Francis Jr. W. K. Smith. The 5 Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline. Third ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004. 372-73. Print.
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is one of the top five killers of domestic cats in the U.S. In fact 3% of healthy cats were reported to have contracted the disease in the year 1999. FIV is a fatal disease and interestingly enough most FIV cats don’t die of the disease it self by by other infections caused by their lowed immune system. FIV causes a deficiency in the immune system and makes cats very susceptible to a huge variety of medical problems basically because they have no fighting power.
Sherding, Robert G. The Cat Diseases and Clinical Management. 2nd Edition. Vol. 1. 1994. p 30-31, 233.
I hope I have helped you understand how canines get this disease and what your treatment options are. Also, the importance of keeping your pet on prevention.
The cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). HIV-1 is not just one virus, but comprises four distinct lineages each with very different frequency and each resulting from an independent cross-species transmission event. The groups are named M, N, O, and P; M is the most widespread form and constitutes about 98% of HIV infection around the globe (Sharpe 2010 2487). Groups N, O, and P are rare, and largely restricted to Cameroon and surrounding countries. The forth and most recent P group strain of HIV-1 is closely related to the gorilla viruses and has most likely resulted from gorilla-to-human transmission (Sharp & Hahn 2489). The HIV virus blocks the functions of tetherin in the human body. Tetheirn is a mammalian host protein with a recently discovered antiviral activity. Tetherin dimers appear to form ‘tethers’ between virus envelopes and the cytoplasmic membrane of the cell, preventing the release of those viruses. HIV-1 has adapted over time in attempts to counteract tetherin, which has yielded different results and caused the formation of M, N, O, and P. Only in the case of HIV-1 group has adap...
She had stated that her and her husband were jogging one night and came across a stray cat. She said she wasn’t bitten, but the cat did lick her. It is noted that she got the cut from doing yard work earlier in the day but forgot to clean it. She was presented with symptoms such as headache, agitation, insomnia, confusion, excessive salvation, and vomiting. It was noted that she has a medical history of high blood pressure. Vaccine history was noted as up to date. Several tests including samples of saliva, serum, spinal fluid, and skin biopsies of hair follicles at the ankle were conducted to confirm that it was in fact rabies. The patients treatment plan included a series of rabies vaccines given as injections over the course of 14
HIV is believed to be a mutation of the virus found in chimpanzees that cause immunodeficiency in Africa. It is supposed that the virus infected, human during hunting chimpanzee for meat and came in contacts with their blood (CDC, 2016). In the United States the first case of HIV was reported in June 1981 in homosexuals (Qian, Taylor, Fawal & Vermund, 2006).
This extremely pathogenic zoonotic virus is now understood to travel from bat species, to equine intermediate hosts, to humans.[8, 10] The Hendra virus is listed as a Bio-Safety Level (BSL)-4, and can only be studied at a few adequately equipped laboratories worldwide due to its virulence.[1, 2] Case fatality rates
Stine, Gerald James. AIDS Update 2012: An Annual Overview of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2012. Print.
Schmitt, Dennis L., Douglas A. Hardy, Richard J. Montali, Laura K. Richman, William A. Lindsay, Ramiro Isaza, and Gary West. "Use of Famciclovir for the Treatment of Endotheliotrophic Herpesvirus Infections in Asian Elephants (Elephas Maximus)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 34.4 (2000): 518-22. Print.
The purpose of this paper is to focus on a subject within my educational field that I can research and inform the public about. I plan to become a veterinarian .which would require my daily contact with humans and animals. Zoonotic diseases are risk factors that I have to be aware of in order to protect myself as well as my patients and their owners. Luckily developments in medicine have made it possible to cure zoonotic diseases and even prevent them from ever being contracted.
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a fatal physical condition that is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The virus damages the human body’s immune system, so that the body cannot protect itself from bacteria, viruses, and prions that cause diseases. With severely lowered defenses, AIDS patients die from common illnesses such as pneumonia, diarrhea, cold, and tuberculosis. The HIV virus does not directly attack its victim; the disease that patients suffer from after receiving the virus is what hurts and kills them.