A fallacy is a mistaken belief, especially one based on an unsound argument. Throughout this analysis I will discuss three major fallacies that are displayed in the article “Coddling the American Mind. ” The three types of fallacies are appeal to unqualified authority, suppressed evidence, and hasty generalization. In addition, I will analyze lines in the movie “Mean Girls” and describe two fallacies of appeal to force and false analogy. First, they mentioned two different authors to support their assertions, such as David D. Burns popular book Feeling Good, as well as from the second edition of Treatment Plans and Interventions for Depression and Anxiety Disorders, by Robert L. Leahy, Stephen J. F. Holland, and Lata K. McGinn. However, …show more content…
The generalization fallacy is saying that all members of a group exhibit the characteristic of many or even only some. When someone makes a generalized statement about a group of people that is not true or supported then they are making a logical error. It is vital when studying a group of people you have a sample that is representative of the population, and the sample question is valid. One generalization made in the argument is “the use of trigger warnings may also foster unhealthy mental habits in the vastly larger group of students who do not suffer from PTSD or other anxiety disorders.” The problem with this statement, is we are unaware of how big the group is, if the population size and group of students is applicable. Did the authors take a survey to support their conclusion? These implications prove it is a fallacy of hasty generalization. Another example is “all of these actions teach a common lesson: smart people do, in fact, overreact to innocuous speech, make mountains out of molehills, and seek punishment for anyone whose words make anyone else feel uncomfortable.” They are generalizing the group of “smart people” however, they needed to prove why unintelligent people do not fit in this category as
Miller and Wilson. (1983) cited in Drummond,A. (1998). Research Methods For Therapists, 1ST edition, Stanley Thornes Ltd, United Kingdom
A straw man fallacy, in its most lucid form, is executed when a person not only disregards an opponent’s counterarguments, but also distorts them into exaggerated versions of themselves in the interest of making them easier to refute. In many cases, the adversary’s arguments are skewed to such a severe point that they wind up being completely different than what the adversaries were actually fighting for; however, this is all for the convenience of the proponent. An innumerable amount of politicians and authors are infamous for using this problematic method of disproving opposing arguments, even notable celebrities like George W. Bush. The straw man method of persuasion is a proficient way to make a personal stance sound factual, but it
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy appears to be a new treatment, although its roots can be traced to Albert Ellis’s Reason and Emotion in Psychotherapy, published in 1962. Cognitive therapy assumes that thoughts precede actions and false self-beliefs cause negative emotions. It is now known that most depression treatments have cognitive components to them, whether they are recognized or not. In the 1970’s many psychologists began using cognitive components to describe depression. From there, they developed cognitive forms to treat depression with impressive results (Franklin, 2003).
...ohol, John M. Psy. D. “Depression Treatment: Psychotherapy, Medication or Both?” Psych Central. N.p. (2008). Web. 17 Nov. 2013
“The Coddling of the American Mind” is a persuasive article written by Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt about the increased use of trigger warnings. As all persuasive writing does, the authors used logos, ethos, and, especially, pathos to convince their readers of how unnecessary and possibly harmful the use of trigger warnings can be. In “Coddling of the American Mind”, authors Lukianoff and Haidt try to sway their readers with facts and logic, or the rhetorical appeal known as logos. The most obvious use of logos is the list of Common Cognitive Distortions listed at the end of the article; this list provides helpful information for the reader, as well as makes the authors seem knowledgeable. Definitions for words such as “microaggression”
Roth, A., Fonagy, P. (2005). What works for Whom? A Critical Review of Psychotherapy Research. US: Guilford Press.
In this editorial from the Citizen-times, we are considering some issues about Iran and their uranium enrichment program. The foreign minister of Iran said that it would be against the ‘ways of Islamic thinking’ to produce weapons of mass destruction. Well, it should be against anyone’s ways of thinking to produce weapons of mass destruction. There are only a few reasons to make uranium, and most of them have to do with the making of explosives and types of weapons that create havoc and mayhem. So I’d have to say that one of the logical fallacies in this passage has to do with the foreign minister of Iran tiring to get us to believe that just because it’s ’against Islamic ways of thinking’, I’d have to say he needs to give us a little more information than that. Iran keeps tiring to tell us that the nuclear activities are peaceful. If I am correct, and I believe that I am, that anything to do with nuclear ‘activities’ probably wouldn’t fall into the peaceful category. I’m not too sure about the quote, “ Foreign Minister Kamel Kharrazi told reporters. "Iran is a promoter of the elimination of nuclear weapons around the world and, based on our ideology, on our Islamic thinking, it is forbidden to produce and use nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction." I think that I’d have to label this as a logical fallacy. Some of this quote might be true, but if anything, I think that Iran is just trying to get us to believe them so we will get off their case. They have had weapons of mass destruction before, so why wouldn’t they have them again? Although Iran keeps trying to convince us of this, the state of this nation still is convinced by mister Bush that Iran is ’’the world’s primary state in sponsoring of terror’’. I don’t really know how true this statement is, but I’m pretty sure that Bush is proposing a logical fallacy here when he says this.
In order to understand what a fallacy is, one must understand what an argument is. Very briefly, an argument consists of one or more premises and one conclusion. A premise is a statement (a sentence that is either true or false) that is offered in support of the claim being made, which is the conclusion (which is also a sentence that is either true or false).
Beck, A. (1978). Cognitive therapy of depression (The Guildford Clinical Psychology and psychopathology series). New York, N.Y : Guildford Press.
Rupke, S., Blecke, D., & Renfrow, M. (2006, January 1). Cognitive therapy for depression. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved March 10, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16417069?dopt=Abstract
An example is “For instance, swine and humans are similar enough that they can share many diseases” (Dicke and Van Huis 345). The authors create a Hasty Generalization fallacy by concluding that because humans and swine are similar, they share diseases. Furthermore, this makes the audience feel lost because the authors do not provide evidence of how “swine and humans are similar” (Dicke and Van Huis 345). Similarly, the author says that “Because insects are so different from us, such risks are accordingly lowered” (Dicke and Van Huis 345). Again, the author fails to provide a connection between how the risk of getting an infection is lowered because humans and insects are different. The authors also create a Hasty Generalization fallacy because they conclude that the risk of humans getting infected is lowered just because insects and humans are different. In summary, the use of fallacies without providing evidence and makes the readers feel
Fallacies mean a disappointment in thinking that renders a contention invalid. It isn't extraordinary compared to other things to utilize when attempting to demonstrate a point or win a contention. However, numerous people commit the error by utilizing them without acknowledging it. Numerous people and presidents are continually known over how well their addresses are given and thoroughly considered. In any case, fallacies have a tendency to show up significantly more in president addresses than you may suspect. For example, in this case, President Obama’s speech contains multiple Straw Man fallacies that aren’t recognized by others, unless read carefully.
Simpson, C. (2007) ‘Mental Health part3: Assessment and Treatment of Depression’ British Journal of Healthcare assistants. pp 167-171.
Research on BPD was first published by Roy Grinker and his colleges in 1968, which was then followed by a major article on the disorder; written by John Gunderson and Margaret Singer in 1975; their article listed the various characteristics of BPD (Ogrodniczuk & Hernandez, 2010). The article was also a stepping stone in introducing BPD as a valid disorder.
Somebody says criminal is bad people. Is it true? If it is true, this could be a form of fallacy. Fallacy is a misconception leads to unreasonable argument or disbelief in people's ideas. It happens with us everyday. Fallacy has many types and I want to refer to one of them: Ad Hominem. It is a judgment about people's appearance than the validity of their ideas, abilities, or work We usually see this fallacy in our life like politic, demonstration, even in our working environment. For example: politicians use others personal lives in debate to disqualify their opponents' arguments or use races to deny people's right to work or bosses use their experiences to judge their employees' work progress So we need to understand how Ad Hominem fallacy is used and how to avoid them.