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factors that positivley influence communication
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Although our group have had a presentation of indirect speech acts in the class, I still want to discuss one of indirect speech acts in detail: expressives. The frequency of expressives is high in all our three group’s presentations, so I want to give further analysis and discuss its implications in people’s daily conversations. In the following paragraphs, I will first show the definition of expressives and explain it with some examples. Then I will discuss its’ implications and functions in social interaction or everyday conversations. Expressive is one type of illocutionary acts and it represents the intentions behind the words. Austin divided utterances into three types and Searle developed illocutionary acts to five kinds. This classification focuses more on functions rather than forms. In Searle’s (1976) words, expressives have the purpose of expressing the speaker’s feelings (i.e. apologizing, praising, congratulating, thanking). In our group’s examples of Two Broke Girls, Caroline has said You know, having only cute outfit takes hours off getting dressed. This is a kind of indirect expressives. Caroline expresses her depression in an indirect way and mocks her current situation. Imagine that she used to be a millionaire and did not need to worry about the problem of lacking good outfits. However, now she is just a waitress and even has no place to live and Max takes in her at that moment. Therefore, she want to give a positive impression to Max and please Max. Another example is that after falling into shit, Caroline is screaming and requesting Max that Tell me it’s mud. T-tell me it’s mud. In Two Broke Girls, Caroline is a love of clean and she is very care about her appearance. She requests Max in a direct way and shows her feelings indirectly. She cannot accept the fact that it is mud rather than shit and want to make Max to persuade herself it is not true. Actually, she feels very terrible and disgusting. The two examples indicate that sometimes people express their attitudes or feelings in an indirect way in order to make good impressions to others or to escape from facts. According to Yule (1996), expressives try to make words fit the world, which means that the functions of it depends on the context. In example 1, if people do not know the background information of Caroline, they may think she is showing off her outfit. It implies us that we should not judge someone by just one-sided words when we interact with others.
The relaxed body language Vicky has adapted also indicates openness, kindness, genuineness reflects in her eyes, while she maintains eye contact on some occasions with Lucy, Adler and Rodman (2003) mention that the eyes are the most noticeable, when communicating and have a very powerful impact. Vicky can be seen as liberal individual because she encourages freedom of communication further her use of dress code, body language indicates this. Vicky’s paralinguistic tone was soft and friendly but, her facial expressions bring out warmth such as when she’s smiling and turning her head towards Lucy. Thus, gives Lucy the indication by judging her verbal and non-verbal meta -messages, that she can confide in Vicky and her views will be heard.
Many people believe verbal communication to be a very powerful way of expressing oneself. Words gain there power when the volume is raised and lowered alternatively to make a point. Additionally, the influence of speech can manifest itself in a number of ways. It can be used to humiliate, to intimidate, to flirt and to threaten, all of which are integral and pragmatic strategies to win a power struggle.
The way a person speaks can tell much about their character. The way someone speaks and what they say are all observable characteristic...
Drew, P. (1984). Speakers' reportings in invitation sequences. In J.M. Atkinson & J.C. Heritage (eds). Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis (pp. 129-151). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
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Joan Cutting claims that “Austin (1962) defined speech acts as the actions performed in saying something. Speech act theory said that the action performed when an utterance is produced can be analysed on three different levels” (fig. 2) (2002: 16)
One important issue in studying communication is to learn how individuals manage to open conversations or how people may address one another in a given language (Aliakbari & Toni, 2008). Oyetade (1995) defines address terms as words or expressions used in interactive and face-to-face situations to designate the person being talked to. Address terms in different speech communities are worthy of study, address terms seem to be influenced by culture (Fitch, 1991; Morford, 1997).
I can now keep in mind that face expressions and body movements along with the projection of voice should be considered while acting. All these features play an important role in the development of an actor. I know understand that if words are not present I can still have a performance take place. By creating distinct face expressions the person performing can make his or her self-clear. If we think of facial expression we can easily depict different emotions a person is going through. For example, when a person has a frown on their face we instantly know they are sad or that is something is bothering them. This was something Chaikin wanted us to grasp. He wanted us to understand that emotions can be developed without the use of actual words. A person’s tone can help the character be classified too but is not
An attempted conversation with a speaker of another language reveal instances and non-instances of verbal behavior because verbal behavior does not have to be vocal. As an example, pointing to an object would be an example of verbal behaviors as it is operant and the audience’s attempted response will reinforce the speaker.
Over the recent four months in Communication 1402 class, I have addressed three formal speechs and completed a number of chapters in the corresponding textbook “Communication Works”. This course of Communication aims to provide general information what public speaking is and how to address a public speaking. Recalling back the experience during the processes of completing the Speech to Imform, Speech to Persuade, and Group Presentation, I will draw a conclusion about this course and these three presentations in five aspects, comprising my previous perception of public speaking before this course; learning from the Speech to Inform; the goal and evaluation of Speech to Persuade; learning from the Group Presentation; the most important thing learned from this course.
Steve A. Beebe, S. J. (2008). Interpersonal Communication. In A. a. Pearson, Interpersonal Communication, Relating To Others- Fifth Edition. Toronto, Ontario: Pearson Education, Inc.
In life people communicate every day through many types of responses and behaviors. There are plenty examples that have been expressed over time by people trying to explain these communicative behavior and analyze them in different ways.
...t functions in our everyday life and relationships. Our culture is a good determinant of how we may act and show our feelings around people. The social conventions in our culture also serves as a guide as to what is supposed to be proper behavior when we are playing our social roles in the society we live in. There are times when people would choose to present artificial emotions because of the anxious situations that they are dealing with, hence refusing to disclose their feelings to others. A person’s personality also has huge influence on how they understand and convey expressions; just as our personality shapes our emotions, in turn our emotions also affect our personality. The people that we often socialize with can influence our feelings as we do the same with them. As has been noted, these are all the factors that influence the expression of our emotions.
Gestures and their coordinating words are presented at the same time by the speaker. David McNeill defines this phenomenon as “co-expressive.” The timing of speech and its coordinating gesture are very important. It shows that what is being ...
Speaking is a natural ability given to most reluctant individuals. Since the beginning of time, it has been assumed that we have a right to speak and use words, thus we naturally begin our development of language during the early stages of live. After years of grasping and perfecting our vocabulary and language, it seems unnecessary to study the purpose of our development. Why, then, should we study “oral communication?” There are many purposes, benefits, and institutions that branch from oral communication. Of course, communication is the basis of interaction with other individuals through the use of expressions and words; however, through studying oral communication, one can take the words and expressions being used and apply them to his or her own life. After all, the most effective and useful knowledge is applied knowledge.