Down Syndrome occurs when a baby is born with an extra chromosome: This extra chromosome is chromosome number twenty one. Having this extra chromosome results in mild to severe cognitive disabilities, facial features that are specific to Down Syndrome, and various health problems. These conditions vary from child to child. Trisomy twenty one is the most frequent type. It occurs in 95 percent of the cases. There are two other causes of Down Syndrome: Translocation Down Syndrome which is four percent and Mosaic Down Syndrome which is one percent. Down Syndrome is the largest hereditary disability and affects one in six hundred and ninety one infants. (Crocker, 2011) It is very important to get early intervention help because that can be extremely important in the child’s development (Mayo Clinic 2014) Down Syndrome is characterized by a broad flat face, slanted eyes, shorter stature, and low muscle tone. Babies with this condition have been described as looking “floppy”. They have a small nose, ears, and a single deep crease across the center of their palm. They often have a bigger tongue that may stick out. There is a lot of variability amongst individuals with Down Syndrome and unpredictability with respect to their cognitive and emotional capabilities as they develop. Currently, much research is focused on eliminating Down Syndrome since its source has already been located and understood. Scientists think that they have found a way to remove or “switch off” the extra chromosome that is the root of Down Syndrome. Researchers in the University of Massachusetts medical school have accomplished this on human cells in their laboratory. If the extra chromosome is able to be switched off in humans than the possibility that Down Syndrom... ... middle of paper ... ... sister of S.H has been by far the most transformative and meaningful event in the authors life. It has shaped the type of person the author is and the type of woman the author hopes to be. It has played a key role in defining the author’s personal goals and professional objectives and has assisted immensely in the formation of my hopes and dreams. It has given the author an appreciation of her own abilities and inspired her to use them contribute to the lives of others. It has taught her that differences are not something to hide from but rather are something that should be embraced. It has pushed the author to focus on one’s abilities rather than on one’s limitations. It has instilled in her a deep respect for the challenges and resiliencies that families of children with disabilities endure. The author loves, admires and respects her sister with all of her heart.
Down’s syndrome is a chromosomal condition that is caused by an extra 21st chromosome as there is an error in the body’s cell division. Every human has a nucleus in every cell in the body which contains genes that are grouped along with chromosomes. The normal number of
Down syndrome is a disorder that comes with some defects, such as in the face, heart, sight, and hearing, and other health related problems. It also is the most common genetic defect, affecting many babies. Down syndrome is caused when the chromosomes are being divided during meiosis the cell keeps both copies of chromosome #21, which means the person with Down syndrome has an extra copy in every cell in their body. This is a sad genetic disorder that can change a person's life. Even though it is a devastating gene mutation, the people with Down syndrome are some of the most loving of all people.
Down Syndrome results when one of the three types of abnormal cell divisions involving chromosome 21 occur. Roger W. Harms, a medical doctor, states, “Human cells normally contain twenty-three pairs of chromosomes. One pair comes from your father and one pair comes from your mother.” In each pair, one chromosome comes from the father, and one comes from the mother. One of the three genetic variations that can cause Down Syndrome is Trisomy 21. This version of Down Syndrome occurs more than 90% of the time. It re...
From society's perspective, Down syndrome children have become a serious complication in the world. Disabled children with special needs like Down syndrome are not given the directed attention needed for appropriate treatment. In 1862, John Langdon Down characterized Down syndrome as a separate form of mental disability but he broadened his research in 1866. By the 20th century, Downs has become the most recognizable form of mental disability in the world because of the physical characteristics that distinguish their disability (Patterson, 137). Some symptoms include a small-flattened face, bowlegs in some cases, and generally, their tongue is too big for their mouth so it usually hangs outside of their mouth as well as other physical characteristics exemplifies a Down syndrome child (Wedro). Down syndrome, Downs or DS, occurs in children who have an "extra copy of chromosome 21." Ninety-five percent of Down syndrome cases are Trisomy 21 (nondisjunction), four percent are translocation, and one percent is mosaicism. There are roughly 400,000 cases of Downs in the United States toda...
“About 13 of every 10,000 babies born in the United States each year is born with Down syndrome. It affects an equal number of male and female babies” (Johnson P. A. 2014). Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that found across the world, however it is more prevalent in the United States. The cause of the disorder roots to the paring of the human chromosomes. A normal human receives 23 pairs of chromosomes, each pair coming from mother and father. In Down syndrome most people affected have an abnormal cell division of the chromosome. Both parents are carriers of the There are three types of variations that includes trisomy 21, mosaic, and translocation.
Down syndrome is a very common disorder now a day’s, but not many know what it actually is. Down syndrome was a topic that was not as common back in that day. “John Langdon Down, an English physician, published an accurate description of a person with Down syndrome. It was this scholarly
In 1866 British doctor John Langdon Down defined and described the characteristic symptoms of Down Syndrome but was unsure of the cause. It wasn't until 1959 that Dr. Lejeunne and his team in Paris showed that people with Down Syndrome have an additional chromosome. We normally have 23 pairs of chromosomes, each made up of genes. The cells of people with Down Syndrome include three chromosome #21 instead of two. The extra 21st chromosome causes an extra dose of proteins. These proteins cause the typical features of Down Syndrome. While the fetus with Down Syndrome is developing, its body cells do not reproduce as fast as usual. That is the main reason why these babies are smaller than average after birth and their brain not as big as those of other newborn children.
Down syndrome also known as “trisomy 21” is a genetic condition in which a child is born with an extra chromosone which causes certain features and delays in development. In sexual reproduction (meiosis) the new cell will have half of the mothers chromosones 23 and half of the fathers chromosones 23 to make a total of 46 (23 pairs) in the new cell (zygote). In a child with Down Syndrome they will have an extra chromosone 21 making a total of 47 chromosones. There is no specific reason why this extra chromosone is present but the older the mother is when giving birth the more likely that her baby will have Down syndrome.
Children with Down syndrome are normally smaller, and their physical and mental improvements are slower compared to children who are unaffected.Some of the physical features in children have flattening of the back of the head, slanting of the eyelids, small skin folds at the inner corner of the eyes, depressed nasal bridge, slightly smaller ears, smal...
It is a well known fact that all living things, humans included, are made up of cells. The nucleus of a typical cell in the human body is made up of 23 pairs of chromosomes. Half of the pairs come from each parent. In some individuals there is a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21 present; these individuals have Down Syndrome (National Down Syndrome Society). Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder that most people know very little about. Since Down Syndrome is something that very few people know much about, this paper will include a lot of information about the disorder that is not well known to the general public. In this paper I will discuss what exactly Down Syndrome is and provide background information and history, describe how and when the disorder is diagnosed, provide insight of what life is like for a person with Down Syndrome and I will do my best to clear up many misconceptions that people often have about individuals with Down Syndrome.
Roizen, Nancy & Patterson, David. (2003). Down’s syndrome. The Lancet, 361 (9365). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/199035382/abstract?accountid=4216
All three types of Down syndrome have an extra chromosome or part of chromosome 21 in one or all the cells. The extra chromosome changes the way an embryo develops and changes the physical and mental characteristics of the child. It is unknown what exactly causes nondisjunction. Although it is unknown, research has shown that the chances of having a child with Down syndrome go up as the woman’s age goes up. Even though the chances goes up the older the woman is, 80% of Down syndrome cases occur in woman under the age of 35. Although age can cause nondisjunction, there is nothing that proves that age is linked to translocation. This is due to more women having children at a younger age. Nothing as of today has been proven that any activities of the parents during or before pregnancy has affected the chance of the child developing Down syndrome. Also, there is no proof that the environment of the child causes Down syndrome. Most cases of Down syndrome have not been inherited from the parents, but 5% of the cases are due to the father’s
Down syndrome is caused by a problem with a baby’s chromosome. Chromosomes are cell structures made up genetic DNA (“Chromosomes”). Most people with Down syndrome have 47 chromosomes. This changes the way the brain
An individual who has Down syndrome can be recognized as different from others since he or she have different physical features, but the question is, what causes individuals to have deformed face, little different features than someone who does not have Down syndrome? The reason some individuals are born with Down syndrome is because of an extra chromosome, this chromosome, which carries number 21. It is also known as Trisomy 21. Having this sort of disability, does not truly affect their life in a way they are not able to live, but it affects their cognitive levels, their physical growth of the child with Down syndrome. As the mother goes for an ultra sound, doctors can detect that the child within the mother’s womb has Down syndrome. (1) Mothers over age 35 have higher risk of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome, and 1 in every 1,000 women at the age of 30. In addition, in every 100 women, who age 40 there is a mother has a child with this case. As woman ages there is a higher chance of conceiving a child with Down syndrome than a woman who is in her mid-20s or younger. (2) This essay will highlight the effects and supports of Down syndrome in children.
Down syndrome, a genetic disorder, is the most common cause for intellectual disabilities, occurring at an average of one out of every 700 births (CDS, 2006). This disorder is caused by the extra chromosome 21 (also known as Trisomy 21). According to Hassold and Sherman (2002), the probability of giving birth to a child with DS is not linked to any race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status or geographic location. Maternal age seems to be the only etiological factor that may cause DS.