The evolution of the world toward a more industrial-based society has threatened fisheries, reefs, and maritime systems around the world. To combat the problems, various measures of legislation and government intervention have been implemented to protect living and nonliving marine entities and ensure that resources aren’t fully depleted.
This paper will look at a number of ‘solutions’ to the problems that industrial-based, less natural, societies have created for marine life. These ‘solutions’ have come in a number of forms, from varying levels of government and agencies. The crees of protections have included legislation. We will look at formalized legislation from the state level, national level, and supranational level (European Union). Additionaly, ‘solutions’ have included court orders; of note in this essay: the one blocking transit of the Hawaii superferry. And lastly, ‘solutions’ have been created by non-governmental organizations, like interest groups just representing the best interests of natural marine life in a world dominated by big business.
Of all the works of legislation, the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 serves as the largest, overarching protector of marine life. The legislation was first-of-it’s kind for the United States congress, as it broke aquatic life down into various ecosystems and applied natural resource management and conservation within each one. The MMPA was passed because of findings and policies that showed mammals and fish stocks may be close to extinction as a result of human activities, the knowledge of ecology and population dynamics of our oceans is extremely limited, and marine mammals are important for national and international significance. With a dramatically different, more gl...
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...cientific studies, public hearings and the possibility of legal challenges” (New York Times). The islands are a major “calving ground” for whales, who have deep protections under the Endangered Species Act. In the past they have tended to be killed by fast ferries more than by slower ships. Environmentalists are also concerned that the many vehicles the boat can carry will allow mongooses, which have severely depleted Oahu’s bird population, to stow away and be carried to Kauai, which has none. These concerns were raised in a court filing by the Sierra Club and two local groups filed in State District Court on Maui, where they demanded that an environmental assessment be done. But the state and Hawaii Superferry argued successfully that no such assessment was required. When turning to a federal court, they also turned down a separate lawsuit by the same plaintiffs.
biology with his theory of evolution through the process of natural selection. Herbert Spencer was the major philosopher of biological and social evolution. Spencer's work significantly influenced 19th century developments in biology, psychology, sociology and anthropology. While Darwin was influential in the fields of natural history and geology, his theory of evolution created great controversy. He changed the way people thought about the role of humans in the natural world. Although these two
nineteenth century was a period of great growth. It yielded an age of material and scientific growth, one characterized by rise in intelligence, moral ground, scientific discovery, medical breakthroughs and improving overall health. The Industrial Revolution swept through the world and urbanization spread through England. This lead to class distinctions and societal upheaval. Underneath the breakthroughs of the age there was a group of people who feared civilization was coming quickly to an end. These “degenerationalists”
periodically). There are many ways the society pursues “Going Green” such as going paperless, carpooling, and using solar panels. “Going Green” affects human behavior because it involves technological advancement, sometimes resulting in job loss. The start of technology in the American society is unknown. The society started
utilized better. Industrial trusts were systems where a company would grant ownership to another company by selling stocks. These trusts eventually became large monopolies of that industry. Trusts drove many small companies out of business that could not compete with the economies of scale that the trusts produced. One important effort was the Sherman Antitrust Act, which was passed by Congress in 1890, and it required the gov’t to pursue trusts that
officials motivated by a quasireligious zeal to industrialize the natural world, and a diffident bureaucratic leadership in the mainstream environmental organizations that more or less willingly collaborated in this process.The mainstream environmental groups and government held the premise that mankind should control and manage the natural world. The radicals held that our technological culture with its intrusions on natural world had to be curtailed, perhaps even undone, to keep the ecology of
fair and equal treatment in a democratic market society, there are also significant normative implications to defining discrimination. Most definitions of discrimination knot around 2 related yet distinguishable means of defining the phenomenon: intentional discrimination and dissimilar impact. Pager and Shepherd 2008 and Blank, et al.
that this moral order still "works". Durkheim's theory suggests that punishment must be visible to everyone, and so expresses the outrage of all members of society against the challenge to their collective values. The form of punishment changes between mechanic (torture, execution) and organic (prison) solidarity because the values of society change but the idea behind punishing, the essence, stays the same - keeping the moral order intact not decreasing crime. Foucault has a different view of the
time found that the impact of the Industrial Revolution would further man’s success within this world and would ensure his success as a species. Marx was extremely radical in finding that this was a positive impact on humans in nature. In order to understand why his views were considered radical, it is important to understand his philosophy and the period of history during which Marx developed and formulated his views. Radical, as defined by the Webster’s New World Dictionary states, “disposed to
energies. White’s Arcadian ecology has been around for a while but it didn’t get widely noticed till sometime in the Industrial Revolution era. England was fast becoming the first society of the world to enter the technological era (Worster 1994:12). In the late eighteenth century, city of Manchester’s capital accumulated tremendously from years of trade with the Orient. Also, the New World financed the development of a new mode of production called the factory system. As time when on, industries started
The Industrial Revolution that occurred between the eighteenth and nineteenth century has been characterized as a transformation of a society no longer rooted in agricultural production. A burgeoning relationship between society and technology is at the core of what allowed Britain to emerge as the world’s first industrialized nation. This interaction between political, social, economic and demographic forces altered almost every aspect of daily life, bringing about “modern” economic development
Durkheim referred to as sociological functionalism. This is the perspective that various parts of a society or social system affect other parts within that system, and how they function in the overall continuity of that system. Durkheim showed that all the aspects of human society work together much like the parts of a machine. The concept of social solidarity - ties that bind people to one another and to society as a whole- play a major role in the lives of humans. This film reflects these ideas. "Baraka"
empirical definitions of racial difference in the 19th century, and the “scientifically” racist ideology of the Nazis, among many others. In many of these situations, biology has been used to support conceptions that were already accepted in the society of the time. However, they seemed stronger with scientific support, even if the scientific support was weak enough that it was eventually proven to be untrue. Considering this, why were these “scientific” conclusions seen as objective when, with
In The Goal: A process of ongoing improvement, Eliyahu Goldratt uses a form of literature that can be used even in today’s society to introduce his business theory of constraints. This theory is based on a chain with shortfall link in it. Basically, when analyzing any multipart system at any specific time, you will find the area of the system has a limited ability to maximize its goal. In order for this system to accomplish significant improvement it’s necessary to identify the constraint and redefine
their scientific theories influenced by ethical values, and in turn, environmental ethicists value nature based on scientific theories. Darwinian evolutionary theory provides clear examples of these complex links, illustrating how these reciprocal relationships do not constitute a closed system, but are undetermined and open to the influences of two broader worlds: the sociocultural and the natural environment. On the one hand, the Darwinian conception of a common evolutionary origin and ecological connectedness
The Industrial Revolution during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was a period in time when Europe, especially England, began to go through mechanization—the transition from using hand tools, to energy powered machinery. Through the advancement of technology, development of power, and an increase in mechanization, the production of society also increased. The invention of the cotton gin sped up the process of separating seeds from cotton, and as a result, made slavery much more profitable