Evolution of Newspapers, Journalism and its Censorships in China
As we have read many articles on the past, we have been reading about different censorships that are happening in China. It is very important to understand where China came from and how the country has developed their government, and how the totalitarianism government is and has been playing a role in the case of journalism. There are many scholars who have been studying the situations and evolutionary developments of newspapers and journalisms within China and it is important to see how these situations have developed over course of time. This article will elaborate on the facts how journalism and newspapers have evolved until today, and will give specific examples on certain local Chinese newspapers go extravagant ideologies on censorships within Chinese government and newspaper publications.
According to Greenberg and Lau China’s media development and education have changed over time to meet new demands that was triggered by the political and economical transformations. Educating journalist was another hindrance that Chinese government had to be sure of. Government only wanting the people to know what they want them to know, and journalist publishing articles by following authorized implementations and regulations that were given and guided by the Chinese government were extremely difficult. Journalism in China has been increasing. From 14 newspaper publishers in 1982 to 33 different newspaper publishers in 1986, within four years the number of publications increasing by 19 was too much in such short period of time . We also need to look at what was happening in China in those four years. In-between those four years, China was going through the great economi...
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...g and blocking was very shocking. It is a hard concept to grasp why the government would not want their people to know about the situations that are happening in their country. Why they must hide the situations? Don’t they deserve to know? There are many questions that could be asked regarding to these kinds of situations.
In conclusion, no one knows for sure how long Chinese government can watch over his or her media for sure. There are many Chinese studying abroad and nowadays number of Chinese studying abroad is increasing and bringing information not only about what had happened in China in the past and how others view China as a country, the government is loosing power to control or there will be increase of higher and stronger security system of China. The future of journalism of China is very vague because it is hard to see the plans of Chinese government.
I say this because there were points in which I personally could not really understand what was going on due to my lack of exposure to this problem that American journalism is facing. More specifically, terminology that was used, especially from business standpoints, and the different companies that were involved made it harder to keep up with the issue at hand. However, with a little editing and better explanation of terminology, I think that this film could extend to a wide audience that would include both digital natives and digital immigrants that are experiencing this transition within American news reporting. This paper will examine the difference between old and new journalism and its new standards, “The New York Times Effect” and its 21st century challenges, important qualifications to be a successful journalist, and the future role of journalism within American society.
China censors a variety of things. Most of the time it is negative things about the government, but it could also be about safety issues, killings, and some specific medical issues. China is very paranoid about the United Nations because they are concerned about Human Rights. If any information on the Central Propaganda Department's rules is released in anyway, then the government will attempt and most likely succeed in prosecuting the person. Posting about any type of Human Right violation will get the poster into a lot of trouble. A lot of the time the purpose of the censorship is to prevent panic, reduce protests, and try to not let other countries get involved. If a few people insult the government online nothing big happens, but if a larger group does that then the government will get involved. China doesn't just censor, but also they add things that make them look better. Sometimes they take over a website and change the content to the exact opposite. When there is a change within the government, monitoring increases and laws become more strict. On the contrary, during the Olympics, censorship and monitoring levels decrease due to all the tourists and all the publicity.
“Once a government is committed to the principle of silencing the voice of opposition, it has only one way to go, and that is down the path of increasingly repressive measures, until it becomes a source of terror to all its citizens and creates a country where everyone lives in fear." -- Harry S Truman
The Beijing Olympics was a glorious display of Chinese culture. Since The Communist Party of China is the singular ruling party in China, the media is controlled by the state. Therefore, the influx of international media to the Chinese platform throughout the Beijing Olympics was expected to highlight the social injustices that exist in the totalitarian state. Throughout history, international media, and the political protection that it possesses, has allowed a stifled society a voice to protest against the controlling state. But surprisingly, the Chinese people didn’t use the media as an outlet to remonstrate,
The government in china is very concerned with limiting the freedom of expression for it's citizens in all possible ways. Let's examine first the reason why censorship is such an important aspect for the Chinese government. According to the book “A Short History of China” by Gordon Kerr when the renaissance took place in Europe from the 14th through the 17th century it changed people's view in many different ways because it was “a period of exploration, discovery and advancement in almost every field”(Gordon Kerr 87); it was a rebirth of the ancient traditions. Mean...
Secondly, with China's entry into the World Trade Organization, there will be more demand than ever for information, intelligence and awareness of the underlying meanings of the world's happenings. International and cross-cultural news reporting will inevitably clash as the values and conceptions of Eastern and Western viewpoints collide. There is a gap that must be bridged by individuals that understand Western journalism but also understand Chinese cultural perceptions. I envision a future where there will be a great need of high-caliber journalists that are unafraid of cultural barriers and that are inspired to inquire into the truth of the matters being investigated. If I am accepted into your program, I believe that I can become that individual.
Information Controls by Newspapers All newspapers have different ways of passing on the news to their readers. This often depends on the audience the newspaper is targeting. The four newspapers that I will be writing about all target various readers. I will be looking at which pieces of information newspapers would use when reporting about the invasion of the Central European state of Bernia by Cara. ' The Planet' is a tabloid newspaper that backs the government.
Zhao, Y., (1998), Media, Market, and Democracy in China - Between the party line and the bottom line (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press).
Public journalism has changed much during its existence. Papers are striving to actively involve readers in the news development. It goes beyond telling the news to embrace a broader mission of improving the quality of public life. The American style of journalism is based on objectivity and separates us from the bias found in most European partisan papers. American journalism is becoming too vigilant in being objective that the dedication to investigating stories tends to be missing in the writing. Public journalism works to incorporate concepts from partisan and objective writing to increase the flow of information and improve the quality of public life.
To conclude, when public journalism is being practiced, a larger percentage of reports face an innumerable amount of issues that lie in their content, the journalists themselves, and their audience. What is being reported by professionals, traditional journalist, constitutes as “good journalism” because of their ability to maintain and provide accurate, unbiased reports, fulfill being a good neighbor and watchdog, while adjusting to our growing technological advancements with an newer and improved rapid reporting. Thus, traditional journalism holds the persisting dominance over their competitors, public journalism.
The first is the crisis of viability. The chance of success in the journalism in the mainstream is approaching a decline due to the transformations in technologies and new access to multiple sources of information. The second is a crisis in civic adequacy. The contributions of journalism to citizenship and democracy have begun to shift and this shift has caused a question of the relevancy of journalism to democratic processes. In a democratic society journalism plays the role of the government watchdog. The effectiveness of society’s watchdog is now being challenged and in turn alternating the structure of the current democratic society. Many critical theorists of the press during the beginning of the 20th century were concerned with finding appropriate forms of public regulation of the press and journalism to ensure that journalists are writing “news and information about public affairs which sustains and nurtures citizen information, understanding and engagement and thereby a democratic polity” (Cushion and Franklin, 2015: 75) (Dahlgren, Splichal 2016). Journalism is a political entity that influences and informs the public. It is meant to work as a source of public information that helps and does not hinder the general public specifically in political processes. The article
A good example of this is in China, where Google has been censored by a provider called The Great Firewall of China, which censors information that could be viewed as defamatory or insulting to Chinese government and culture. According to the article “Google turns off China censorship warning” as published by BBC News Technology, “Google has had a rocky relationship with the Chinese authorities since January 2010, when the company said it may shut down Chinese operations due to a ‘sophisticated and targeted’ cyber attack. Google said at the time that it was no longer willing to censor the Google search engine”. Many journalists have also taken a look at Egypt, which also utilizes censorship. According to “Egyptian authorities step up censorship” as published by the Committee to Protect Journalists website, the new military-run Egyptian government is censoring news outlets and keep journalists, as well as the Muslim Brotherhood and its affiliates.
Early off, Internet in China was imaged as an information highway which leapfrogged China into modern times (Guobin 51). Today a majority (49%) US blogs are political whereas a majority of blogs in China are more "personal,” where they may post diaries of their personal life. Otherwise they also like to read news, research, communicate via chat/email/social networking sites, entertainment purposes, e-business, e-banking, and e-education (Jiang 23-25) Some have even gone to say that China’s internet is large part of their culture like TV is to America (Guobin 49).
With larger demand on high quality news reporting, in-depth analysis on social issues and broader coverage of information, more alternative media are formed to jump out of the limitation of mainstream media, in which of the financial influence and the political stance. Initium Media, as an alternative media which is good at making interview note and focus on news at Chinese-speaking places, it gains a large number of reputation and recognition from all around the world, such as the Human Rights Press Awards, Outstanding News Awards.
Journalism: a profession under pressure? Journal of Media Business Studies, 6, 37-59. Scannell, P. (1995). The 'Secondary'. Social aspects of media history, Unit 9 of the MA in Mass. Communications (By Distance Learning).