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Integration of the EU
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Introduction
The article, “Will ‘Europe’ Survive the 21st Century? A Meditation on the 50th
Anniversary of the European Community,” written by Walter A. McDougall (2007), outlines the evolution of the European Union (EU) through a two-part analysis. The first part, entitled “The Other Age Born in the Year 1957,” extols several impactful historical events in economics, the role of religion; and, the strengths and weaknesses that led to the formation of the EU. The second part, “The European Union in a Wider World” provides a closer look at Europe through the political lens focusing on events in the recent past and present. This part highlights the impacts from the events of World Trade Center on 9/11, the questionable decisions made after by the West, the challenges faced by an influx of immigration and cultural diversity on the rise; and, the dissension of native Europeans. McDougall identifies three prominent threats, which he believes will affect the future success of the EU: deficiency of foreign policy, the Asian challenge and the Islamic challenge. How members of the EU react to the current problematic areas and the actions taken by the European Commission will outline the level of success the EU will experience going forward.
The Historical Lens
Many in history have envisioned a unified Europe. Some might think that it was the final destination after so many struggles and vast restructuring this geographical area has had to undergo. A union that would allow for cohesiveness, while still allowing each country to maintain its own unique characteristics was the vision for a New World. McDougall’s analysis supported the formation of the European Union as being an eventuality predicted by many. In 1944, in a final testament ma...
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...tonpost.com/opinions/ european-union-nations-see-an-uptick-in-economic-security-at-just-the-right-time/2014/04/12/1c167918-c0f0-11e3-bcec-b71ee10e9bc3_story.html Hodges, H. (2007, August 06). Walter McDougall on Europe at 50 years [Web log message].
Retrieved from http://gypsyscholarship.blogspot.com/2007/08/walter-mcdougall-on-europe-at-50-years.html
McDougall, W. (2007, July). Will “Europe” survive the 21st century? A meditation on the 50th anniversary of the European community. Retrieved from http://www.fpri.org/ articles/2007/07/will-europe-survive-21st-century-meditation-50th-anniversary-european-community Sotiris, P. (2014, April 07). Greece's left and the European union: On the need for an anti-euro and anti-EU position. Retrieved from http://www.globalresearch.ca/greeces-left-and-the-european-union-on-the-need-for-an-anti-euro-and-anti-eu-position/5376912
Prutha Patel Mr. Lougheed Social Studies 09 February, 2016 Has Europe United? Do you believe that the European Union has united Europe? A supranational cooperation is when countries give up some control of their affairs as they work together to achieve shared goals. The European countries have used supranational cooperation to create the European Union because they want to prevent future wars, and rebuild the weak economy that had formed after the two wars. The European Union has united Europe because it has made Europe have a common currency called the Euro, has a common “government” for the European Union, and has all of the countries influenced when one country that is part of the European Union is in “trouble”.
Little did he know, this twelve-minute speech managed to change the course of history and the fate of a devastated Europe after World War II. This led to the implementation of the Marshall Plan, otherwise known as the “European Recovery Program”, and the Truman Doctrine. Not only did they revolutionize the European economy, but they were able to bring about political change by containing the spread of communism. Both programs also provided a transition into the creation of new political institutions like NATO and the European Community of Steel and Coal. The Second World War likewise denoted the start of the end of world colonialism as patriot developments started to triumph over debilitated pioneer domai...
Britain has always had a difficult relationship with the European Union, initially refusing to become a member before reluctantly joining, there seems to be a level of distrust of the European policies. I will explore this distrust within this essay. This essay will also give an insight into the history of Britain, the EU and identify any changes in British government’s policies since becoming a member.
The European Union is an example of successful political globalization as there is stability in the region. The European Union has united several countries, specifically “twenty seven European countries” (Davies 1) and there has been benefits to this system. There has been a “reduction in crime, a rise in population, life expectancy and income as well as an improving government.” (Rich 3). Through this political system there has been improvement in not only in the government but in the people’s wellbeing.
Karl, Kenneth. Cracking the AP European History Exam New York: Princeton Review Publishing, 2004: 118-120
...: Reassessing Legitimacy in the European Union. Journal of Common Market Studies, 40 (4), pp. 603-24.
The European Union (EU), since the initial foundation in 1952 as the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and throughout periods of development, has been considered one of the most advanced forms of regional integration. It, based on numerous treaties and resolutions, has strived to promote values such as peace, cooperation or democracy, and in 2012 was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for having “contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe” (Nobel Media AB, 2012). Despite its struggle for promoting democracy, the EU itself has long experienced scholarly criticisms that it suffers the democratic deficit, from which its democratic legitimacy is undermined by observable problems in political accountability and participation. As the importance of legitimacy in a democratically representative institution is hardly debatable, the criticism of whether and why the EU lacks democracy has been given a considerable gravity in academia.
Following the post-World War II carnage and violence, a new Europe arose from the ashes. This new Europe was decimated from the intermittent fighting between the Allied and Axis powers during the second great war and the nations of Europe sought to devise a plan that to avoid further war-time conflicts within the region. The European Coal and Steel Committee was the first advent of assembling nations together in political and economic interest. The ECSC was formed in 1950 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris whose signatories included West Germany , Italy, Luxembourg, Belgium, France and The Netherlands.
Kidner, Frank L. Making Europe: People, Politics and Culture. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 2009. Print.
Stott, Anne. "Europe 1700-1914: A Continent Transformed." europetransformed.blogspot.com. University of London, 7 March 2011. Web. 30 November 2013.
Michelis, L. (2011). The Greek Debt Crisis: Suggested Solutions and Reforms. The Rimini Centre Economic Analysis (RECEA), Italy.
Europe has been militarily weak since World War II, but it remained unnoticed because of the unique geopolitical context of the Cold War: it was the strategic pivot between the United States and the Soviet Union. With the "new Europe", in 1990s, everybody agreed that Europe will rest...
Senior, Nello Susan. "Chapters:4,15." The European Union: Economics, Policies and History. London: McGraw-Hill, 2009. Print.
The enlargement of the European Union (EU) in 2004 and 2007 has been termed as the largest single expansion of the EU with a total of 12 new member states – bringing the number of members to 27 – and more than 77 million citizens joining the Commission (Murphy 2006, Neueder 2003, Ross 2011). A majority of the new member states in this enlargement are from the eastern part of the continent and were countries that had just emerged from communist economies (EC 2009, Ross 2011), although overall, the enlargement also saw new member states from very different economic, social and political compared to that of the old member states (EC 2009, Ross 2011). This enlargement was also a historical significance in European history, for it saw the reunification of Europe since the Cold War in a world of increasing globalization (EC 2009, Mulle et al. 2013, Ross 2011). For that, overall, this enlargement is considered by many to have been a great success for the EU and its citizens but it is not without its problems and challenges (EC 2009, Mulle et al. 2013, Ross 2011). This essay will thus examine the impact of the 2004/2007 enlargements from two perspectives: firstly, the impact of the enlargements on the EU as a whole, and thereafter, how the enlargements have affected the new member states that were acceded during the 2004/2007 periods. Included in the essay will be the extent of their integration into the EU and how being a part of the Commission has contributed to their development as nation states. Following that, this essay will then evaluate the overall success of the enlargement process and whether the EU or the new member states have both benefited from the accessions or whether the enlargement has only proven advantageous to one th...
Ed. John Merriman and Jay Winter. "1989." Europe Since 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of War and Reconstruction. Vol. 4. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006. 1874-1880. World History in Context. Web. 11 Mar. 2014.