Autism is a behavioral syndrome usually presenting behavior abnormalities before the child is 30 months of age. These behavioral abnormalities include marked social deficits, specific language abnormalities and stereotyped, repetitive behaviors (Piven, 1990). Although the exact etiology of autism is not known it is now believed that it is a dysfunction of one or more unidentified brain systems and not the result of parental and environmental influences. Variations in symptomology and in prognosis among autistic persons depend on both the severity and the extent of the underlying brain dysfunction (Repin, 1991). Several studies have been conducted including neuroanatomic imaging, microscopic neuroanatomic observations and positron emission tomography in order to locate this dysfunction. Although some of the studies have reported abnormalities in various areas of the brain among the autistic patients, no common site or abnormality has yet been found.
The criteria for diagnosing autism are those listed in the revision of the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R) of the American Psychiatric Association. According to this, the person must have been symptomatic since childhood and manifest a specified number of deficits that are abnormal for their developmental level in three aspects of behavior. These include qualitative impairment in reciprocal social interaction, qualitative impairment of verbal and non-verbal communication and imaginative activity, and a markedly restricted repertoire of activities and interests. These criteria were used to select the autistic patients for most of these studies.
The presenting symptomology of autistic children is the abnormal reciprocal soci...
... middle of paper ...
...ton, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1987.
Bauman, M. L., "Microscopic Neuroanatomic Abnormalities in Autism." Pediatrics. Vol. 87., suppl. 5. ,May 1991.,pp. 791-796.
Courchesne, E. "Neuroanatomic Imaging in Autism", Pediatrics. Vol. 87, suppl. 5, May 1991, pp. 781-790.
Minshew, N. J. "Indices of Neural Function in Autism: Clinical and Biologic Implications." Pediatrics, vol. 87, suppl. 5. May 1991. pp. 774-780.
Piven, J. et. al. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence for a Defect of Cerebral Cortical Development in Autism." American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 147, no. 6, June 1990, pp. 734-739.
Rapin, I. "Autistic Children: Diagnosis and Clinical Features." Pediatrics, vol. 87, suppl. 5, May 1991, pp. 751-759.
Small, J. O. "EEG and Neurophysiological Studies of Early Infantile Autism." Biological Psychiatry, vol. 10, 1975, pp. 355-397.
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that effects the brains development. It is characterized by affecting communication, cognition and social interaction. The spectrum of the disorders ranges from a mild condition called Asperger’s syndrome to a more severe form, which severely impairer’s development. The Office of Communications and Public Liaison states that the disorder affects one and eighty-eight children, however ASD effects boys more frequently than girls (Office of Communications and Public Liaison, 2013). ASD emerges in all age, ethnic and socioeconomic groups. The significant varied character and severity of the disorder is why ASD is considered a spectrum that poses a broad range of symptoms.
Stephen M. Edelson, Ph.D. . Center for the Study of Autism. Web. 23 October 2011.
Rapin, Isabelle. "Autistic Children: Diagnosis And Clinical Features." Pediatrics 87.5 (1991): 751. Academic Search Complete. Web. 15 November 2011. .
Slaughter, Virginia, Ph.D. "Autism." Magill’S Medical Guide (Online Edition) (2013): Research Starters. Web. 17 Apr. 2014.
Traditional schools are becoming outdated, even though one might look at them as having lower tuition or even a greater establishment by history. The money spent is to sit in a class that has a fifty: one student to teacher ratio or a class not technological up to date. Where the schools spend more on teachers, and assets than providing for their students. It’s no secret that for-profit colleges are there to make a profit and charge more for their tuition; however, being in a class of ten: one student teacher ratio or even slightly higher, allows for the flexibility needed to maintain their current quality of life while continuing their education. One should look at the future of our educational system. Even though for-profit schools have high tuition and are there to make money, the truth is for-profits are offering students a better learning experience as well as a faster path to their future goals.
First off, autism is not a form of mental retardation despite what the general public may have you believe. In actuality, autism, which was first described by Kanner (1943) in his study of 11 children with “autistic disturbances of affective contact” (US: American Psychological Ass...
Morgan, D. A. (2012, December 25). Theories Abound to Age-Question:Why we Dream? Retrieved February 11, 2014, from The Blog: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dreamscloud/why-we-dream_b_4460919.html
3. Mesibov, G., Lynn, A. and Klinger, L. 1997. Autism; Understanding the Disorder. New York: Plenum Press
The Autism Spectrum is a mystery. With no cause or cure, researchers have been working hard, to the best of their abilities, to diagnose, treat, and educate those with autism. For centuries, since 1943, with enhanced technology, the view on autism has improved tremendously. New advancements have been developed to diagnose autism earlier, help create more successful treatments, and to help better an educational plan for people with autism.
Diagnosing Autism is based on four characteristics: difficulty with language, abnormal responses to sensory stimuli, resistance to change and difficulty with social interaction. ?Other characteristics of autism may include: making the same repetitive motion for hours, repeating a sound or phrase, inability to hold a conversation, practicing unusual play patterns, and extreme sensitivity to sound and touch? (Riccio, 1999). Autistics can exhibit any combination of these characteristics in any degree. That is why autism is referred to as a ?spectrum? disorder, because at one end of the disorder a child may be inflicted with some symptoms, while at the opposite end a child may be inflicted with multiple symptoms with many areas in between. Children who display few symptoms may be characterized as ?mildly autistic?.
Autism is a form of neurodevelopment disorder in the autism spectrum disorders. It is characterized by impaired development in social interactions and communication, both verbal and non-verbal. There is an observed lack of spontaneous acts of communication; both receptive and expressed, as well as speech impairments. A person diagnosed with Autism will also show a limited range of activities and interests, as well as forming and maintain peer relationships. The individuals will display limited interests, which are often very focused and repetitive. He or she is likely to be very routine oriented and may show behavioral symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggressiveness, and self-injurious behaviors.
Autism is a brain dysfunction genetically passed down and resulting with abnormalities in the corpus callosum which allows for one to efficiently communicate. Amygdala which facilitates regular emotions and social behavior, and lastly the cerebellum which determines hand eye and motor skill as well as neuron activity that affect the brain in autism. Spect scans of children with autism show an unusual amount of nerve fibers in the brain. At birth their brains are disproportionately smaller than most beings but in short lapse of a year there brains grow rapidly and above average for their age at a year and a half old. All these facets play a role in the main reasoning for lack of transmission from one side to the other (delaying responses and reactions). In scientific research there is no clear explanation of which autism originates or is spawne...
Autism is a composite neurodevelopment disorder describe as damaged social interaction, communication discrepancies, limited activities, and repetitive interactive acts. These characteristic extents mild to severe cases and are probably supplemented by cognitive deficiency and related comorbidities.
In this paper I hope to open a window to the vast and mysterious world of dreaming. To most people, information about dreams isn’t common knowledge. In researching this subject though, I found that everybody has and reacts to dreams, which are vital to your mental health. You will also find how you can affect your dreams and how they affect you.
For thousands of years humans have experienced a phenomenon which we describe today as dreaming. It has puzzled and sparked interest to all whom experience it. For as long as people have been dreaming, there have been people trying to understand and interpret them. This research paper examines the causation and deeper meaning of dreams. It will compare and contrast the differentiating ideas on the subject by famous psychologists and also examine first-hand accounts from real individuals. The objective of paper is to shed some light on this complex and bizarre behavior.