SITUATION:
During a radio interview the British pop star, Adele, “felt a pop” and experienced her vocal pitch drop into the bass range frequency, followed by a sudden and complete loss of voice. She stressed her vocal folds, and ruptured a blood vessel resulting in a hemorrhage of the vocal lining, called a hemorrhagic polyp. The edge in her style of singing is the likely contribution to the polyp, along with a combination of smoking (WebMD). In October, 2011Adele underwent surgery to treat the vocal fold polyp with hemorrhage (Fauquier ENT).
For this study I will use her case to study the effects of a laryngeal growth on the voice.
WHAT IS A VOCAL FOLD POLYP AND HEMORRHAGE?
Vocal fold polyps are a benign (non-cancerous) growth on either on one or both of the vocal folds, and a common disorder of the larynx. The polyps look like a swelling or bump (ASHA) on the junction of the anterior and middle third of the vocal folds where lesions are elevated, appearing red, white or translucent (Hideki et al., 2012). They appear similar to a blister (ASHA). Refer to Figure 1.
Figure 1: Picture of a vocal polyp as seen by the speech pathologist or ENT physician through video endoscopy. Persistent, unilateral, midmusculomembraneous, true vocal fold lesions with typical hemorrhagic, fibrotic, or translucent characteristics (Hideki et al., 2012).
HOW DO POLYPS DEVELOP?
I. Vocal abuse or misuse: The long term or repeated vocal abuse or misuse of the vocal cords though activities such as singing, coaching, yelling and talking loudly (ASHA). A rupture occurs in the vessels of the superficial layer of the lamina propria resulting in a hematoma (swelling of clotted blood within the tissue). Edema and inflammatory cell infiltration th...
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...multilayered ultrastructure of vocal folds by maintaining a functional and anatomical state that closely mirrors the normal glottis (Geyer et al., 2010). o Preservation of both healthy mucosa and intermediate and deep layers of lamina propria is important for voice restitution (Geyer et al., 2010)
WHAT TREATMENT RECOMMENDATION WOULD YOU MAKE FOR A FELLOW STUDENT WHO HAS A VOCAL FOLD POLYP?
The recommendation I would give to a friend would be specific to their needs.If my fellow student discovered they had a vocal polyp after a night of screaming from watching The Backstreet Boy’s concert, I would recommend them to voice therapy. My assumption is the vocal fold polyp would be small and have a high chance of shrinking or going on remission. Voice therapy takes longer and requires strict care, but is noninvasive. I would also imagine less costly than surgery.
one of her husbands has a different effect on her ability to find that voice.
Cholesteatoma is a growth of excess skin or a skin cyst (epithelial cyst) that contains desquamated keratin and grows in the middle ear and mastoid (Thio, Ahmed, & Bickerton, 2005). A cholesteatoma can grow and spread, destroying the ossicles, tympanic membrane and other parts of the ear. They appear on the pars flaccida and pars tensa sections of the tympanic membrane. A cholesteatoma can occur when a part of a perforated tympanic membrane is pushed back into the middle ear space, debris and skin cells can build up forming a growth. It can obstruct tympanic membrane movement and movement of the ossicles. As the layers grow, the amount of hearing loss can increase. A cholesteatoma can be congenital (present at birth) or be acquired as a result of another disease. They can also be formed as a result of a surgery, trauma, chronic ear infection, chronic otitis media, or tympanic membrane perforation. It can develop beyond the tympanic membrane and cause intracranial and extracranial complications. Due to this patients can experience permanent hearing loss as a result of an infection of the inner ear as well as other serious health concerns. These include dizziness, facial nerve weakness and infections of the skull (Hall, 2013). Patients may present chronically discharging ear, hearing loss, dizziness, otalgia (ear pain), and perforations (marginal or attic).
Seikel, J. A., King, D. W., & Drumright, D. G. (2010). 12. Anatomy & physiology for speech,
Pau, H., r.w. Clarke. (2004). Advances in the genetic manipulations in the treatment of hearing disorders. Clinical Otolaryngology (29), Page 574
A relatively low risk and quick surgery; however, after the surgery Stella’s vocal cords began to swell and she was having trouble breathing one day while playing. Her owners realized it and rushed her to the veterinarian. The doctor had to perform an emergency surgery that involved cutting out the swollen tissue which required a large incision along her neck leaving an ugly scar. This surgery was much more expensive than the original devocalization or hiring a dog trainer and could eventually require another removal of swollen tissues (Devocalized: Stella’s
"Speech Development." Cleft Palate Foundation. Cleft Palate Foundation, 25 Oct 2007. Web. 10 Mar 2014.
A speech pathologist helps with patients speech impediments, language, communication and swallowing disorders along with cleft and lip palate defects. speech impediments are a type of communication disorders where normal speech is disrupted. this is usually seen when people stutter or have a lisps, sometimes these impediments will leave people mute. Swallowing disorders or (Dysphagia) deal with the lack of muscle movement or the coordinated muscle movement or sequence the helps to swallow or to speak. Cleft and lip palate deal with birth defects that occur when a baby’s lip or mouth do not form properly during pregnancy. Cleft issues cause problems with forming words or trying to pronounce a word, and also with feeding.
According to Chapman et al., (2000), the loss of hearing appears to be a chronic issue through...
-Cyst that arises from epithelium entrapped within lymphoid tissue. It presents as a superficial submucosal mass that is yellow or whitish in coloration. The most frequent location is in the floor of the mouth followed by the posterior lateral border of the tongue, soft palate, tonsillar pillars, orophorynx, and the ventral tongue. The entrapped epithelium may have originated from salivary gland ducts or from the lining epithelium of surface invaginations plugged with desquamative keratin. Surgical excision can be performed; however, it is not necessary.
The larynx, known as the voice box, consists of an outer casing of nine cartilages that are connected to one another by muscles and ligaments. There are three unpaired cartilages and six paired. The unpaired cartilages include the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis. The thyroid cartilage is the largest and better known as the Adam’s apple. The cricoid cartilage is the most inferior cartilage of the larynx which forms the base of the larynx on which the other cartilages rest. Together, the thyroid and cricoid cartilages maintain an open passageway for air movement. The epiglottis and vestibular folds, or false vocal chords, prevent swallowed material from moving into the larynx. The paired cartilages, accounting for the remaining six, include the arytenoid (ladl...
Reverberation artifact of the lung occurs as ultrasound waves spring amid the transducer and the pleura. The pleura is shown as a hyperdense white line (black arrow). The reverberation lines (white arrows) embody repetition of the pleural line. ...
While this early evidence was not empirical, anatomists have since found that all humans display two tiny pits, with duct openings, on both sides of the septum just behind the opening of the nose (3). The duct leads into a tubular lumen lacking a thick, distinct sensory epithelium. ...
disease is coughing, rapid breathing, discharge from the nose and eyes, swelling near the neck
The External or Outer Ear - comprises of the auricle or pinna which is the fleshy part of the outer ear. It is cup-shaped and collects and amplifies sound waves which then passes along the ear canal to the ear drum or tympanic membrane. The rim of the auricle is called the helix and the inferior portion is called the lobule. The external auditory canal is a carved tube and contains a few hair and ceruminous glands which are specialized sebaceous or oil glands. These secrete ear wax or cerumen. Both the hairs and the cerumen help prevent dust and foreign objects from entering the ear. A number of people produce large amounts of cerumen, and this sometimes cause the build up to be impacted and can bri...
Extra Ear – ¼ Scale, the Tissue Culture & Art in Collaboration with Stelarc, retrieved September 13th, 2004, from http://www.tca.uwa.edu.au/extra/extra_ear.html