INERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE SUBSIDIARY LEVEL
WAVES SUMMARY
4.1 Travelling wave characteristics
A medium is a material through which a wave passes.
When a wave passes, each part of the medium moves away from its normal position and then returns. This is called an oscillation.
Oscillations within the medium are slight movements either side of the normal position. The wave motion is the disturbance that passes through the medium.
A wave pulse causes the medium to have one oscillation. A continuous travelling wave causes the medium to keep oscillating. Waves transfer energy without transporting matter because each part of the medium oscillates on the spot.
A transverse pulse causes the spring to move at right angles to the direction of motion of the pulse.
A longitudinal pulse causes the spring to move parallel to the direction of motion of the pulse.
The direction of propagation is at right angles to the wavefront.
The displacement at a point is how much the medium has been displaced from its normal position. Displacements are given + or - signs depending on the direction of the displacement.
Amplitude is the largest distance from the normal position that the medium is displaced.
The wavelength l of a wave is the distance from one point to the next corresponding point.
The period T of a wave is the time in seconds that it takes one wavelength to pass by. In this time the medium will complete one oscillation.
The frequency f of the wave is the number of wavelengths that pass each second.
Frequency and period are reciprocals. T = 1/f.
The speed of a wave is equal to its frequency times its wavelength.
A displacement/position graph shows the displacement of the different sections of a medium.
A displacement/time graph shows the displacement of one point of a medium as time elapses.
The speed of the particles of a medium is a maximum when their displacement is zero.
The speed of the particles of a medium is zero where the medium has maximum displacement.
For a longitudinal wave, the medium has a high pressure called a compression where particles are closer than normal.
For a longitudinal wave, the medium has a low pressure called a rarefaction where particles are further apart than normal.
The particles around a compression move in the same direction as the wave.
The particles around a rarefaction move in the opposite direction to the wave.
The particles near a compression and rarefaction have small displacements.
The particles where the pressure is normal, have large displacements.
wave to form, the surging tide must meet an obstacle. When the ocean meets the
through space. This theory came to life when Heinrich Hertz created those waves and seven
walking across them. The lines and pulleys and some parts of the waves are example of
Rough waves are an open water phenomenon, in which winds, currents, nonlinear phenomena cause a wave to briefly form that is far larger than the "average" large occurring wave of that time and place. rogue waves can form in large bodies of freshwater as well as the ocean. The first rogue wave confirmed with scientific evidence,it has a maximum height of 25.6 metres (84 ft).rogue waves can also reach up to about 30 meters or 100 feet high. A rogue wave estimated at 18.3 meters (60 feet) in the Gulf Stream off of Charleston, S.C.
When the building begins to oscillate or sway, it sets the TMD into motion by means of the spring and, when the building is forced right, the TMD simultaneously forces it to the left.
An oscilloscope is a laboratory instrument that commonly used to display and analyze the waveform of electronic signals. This device draws a graph of signal voltage as a function of time. Oscilloscope usually have two-dimensional graph which electrical potential differences represent by Y-axis (vertical) and time represent by X-axis (horizontal). With positive values going upward and negative values going downward (Ask.com, 2014). In any oscilloscope, the horizontal sweep is measured in seconds per division (s/div), milliseconds per division (ms/div), microseconds per division (s/div), or nanoseconds per division (ns/div). The vertical deflection is measured in volts per division (V/div), millivolts per division (mV/div), or microvolts per division (µV/div).
When a mass is attached to the end of a spring the downward force the
Ultrasound is sound waves that have a frequency above human audible. (Ultrasound Physics and Instrument 111). With a shorter wavelength than audible sound, these waves can be directed into a narrow beam that is used in imaging soft tissues. As with audible sound waves, ultrasound waves must have a medium in which to travel and are subject to interference. In addition, much like light rays, they can be reflected, refracted, and focused.
This diagram shows particles that move quickly.... ... middle of paper ... ... If I did the experiment again, I would.
...e equals mass times acceleration, and mass is constant, acceleration must then be equal to 0. Thus velocity has reached its max and is now constant.
o If a stimulus was strong enough to excite contraction, it produced a maximal contraction
Nature of wave: It is an electromagnetic wave as it does not necessarily require a medium for p...
Sound waves take the form of compressional waves and are caused by vibrations. Sound waves are distinguished by their speed, pitch, loudness and quality (timbre) (Lapp, 2003). There are a few parts of sound waves that we should be familiar with to better be able to understand the physics of music. The crest is the highest point of a wave, while the trough is the lowest. The wavelength of a wave is the distance between two adjacent parts of a wave, like from crest to crest, or from trough to trough....
The Physics Classroom. "Frequency and Period of a Wave." Physic Classroom. The Physics Classroom, 1996. Web. 28 Nov. 2013. .