This experiment is being carried out because we want to learn what happens when cooking and consuming a s’mores, which is 2 graham crackers, 1 roasted marshmallow, and 1 cube of Hershey’s milk chocolate. The purpose is to see and record the energy conversions when you make then eat a s’mores, these conversions include: light, sound, thermal, chemical energy.
If you roast a marshmallow, and eat it, then you are converting many different types of energy. For example, when you eat the s’more the energy for the marshmallow, which was chemical energy is now transferred to thermal energy.
In this experiment you will need: safety goggles, paper towels, a heaet source, two graham crackers, a cube of milk chocolate, and a fluffy marshmallow. You will also need a stick to roast the marshmallow on.
Once you have gathered all your materials you should put on your safety goggles before you turn on the heat source, also place a paper towel on a flat surface or table and put one graham cracker down onto the paper towel. Then, you should place your marshmallow on the top of the stick, you should place it so that it is stable but not far enough that you see the stick through the marshmallow. Next you should hold the marshmallow over the top of the flame and rotate the stick a few rotations, until the flame is on the marshmallow. Once it is heated you will need to blow it out, and cool it off. Then you turn off your flame, or heat source and slide the marshmallow onto the graham cracker that you place on a table or flat surface earlier. Later you stack the chocolate on top of one of the marshmallow and graham crackers. You could also place the marshmallow on top of the chocolate, this is your preference. Lastly finish off the s’more by placin...
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... step is converted to something different, and the energies in this lab are endless because you do many different things, form gathering the materials, to roasting the marshmallow, and the type of heat transfer that occurs when roasting marshmallows is called conduction or direct heat transfer. It occurs when the molecules from the fire, which are faster moving, collide with the cooler molecules of the marshmallows. When these fire and marshmallow molecules collide, the molecules of the marshmallows are made to move faster and become hot. You then have to make the treat, and you are usingkinetic energy to move all the ingredients, and turn on the bunsen burne. Then the flames and fire are producing sound, thermal and light energy. Lastly you are converting the chemical energy in the fod to thermal energy to enjoying a sugary, and sweet s’more. It is delicous science!
In the experiment, 0.436 Calories per gram were found when dividing the average heat per mass of food by 1000. The standard deviation proved that this number can either be moved up 0.082 Cal/g or down. This is nowhere near the 3.2 Calories per gram which appeared on the label
On the lid of the calorimeter, there were two holes and one was being used for the thermometer, and the second one was left open. This hole could have let heat to escape as the reaction was taking place which would have lowered the final temperature value. These conditions would have led to a lower final temperature value. To prevent even the slightest anomalies in the future, any holes on the calorimeter can be covered by tape or another item that could block the passage. The top of the calorimeter could also be covered with aluminum and this would not only cover the holes but would secure the space under the lid so any heat that may escape would stay within the area due to the aluminum. Aluminum could also be tucked in the space between the lid and the calorimeter to once again lock the heat in. This way, the calorimeter will be more effective and maintain all the heat of the reaction resulting in values that are completely accurate and decreasing even the slightest
At the beginning of the experiment the heat capacity of the calorimeter is measured. The heat capacity of the instrument is the amount of heat that it absorbs. As energy is released the value is negative and when it is absorbed
type of energy is lost or gained, and whether or not a factor that is
Take the cardboard cover and place it on top of the two Styrofoam cups, place a thermometer through the small hole in the cardboard cover. This creates a calorimeter. Take the calorimeter and place it into a small beaker to prevent it from falling over.
Have you ever seen a nut heat water? How does a nut heat water? If the nut catches on fire it can use energy to heat the water, how long will it take for the water to heat up? It will take several minutes for the water to heat up. Which nuts have the most energy in it? The cashews have the most energy in it. This will give you knowledge about heat transfer and energy in foods. The three prongs in this essay are what causes nuts to heat water. What is thermal energy. And how does thermal energy in a nut heat water.
2. Get 3 cups and fill each cup with water, orange juice and milk. Either blindfold your eye or set up some kind of barrier where you can’t see the content of the cup, place hand directly over the cup and guess the content of each. Focus and try to feel the energy each liquid is exerting.
In this lab, I determined the amount of heat exchanged in four different chemical reactions only using two different compounds and water. The two compounds used were Magnesium Hydroxide and Citric Acid. Both compounds were in there solid states in powder form. Magnesium Hydroxide was mixed with water and the change in heat was measured using a thermometer. The next reaction combined citric acid and magnesium hydroxide in water. The change in heat was measured as well. For the third reaction citric acid was placed in water to measure the change in heat. In the last reaction, citric acid was combined with water. The heat exchanged was again measured. It is obvious we were studying the calorimetry of each reaction. We used a calorimeter
We gauged the amount of mass that the fuel lost when raising the temperature of water 20 degrees C. Throughout the experiment we constantly worked with chemicals, boiling water, and liters, turning the Bunsen burners on and off. Because of this, each member of our group were carefully to wear goggles, gloves, a lab coat, and closed toed shoes, with pants down to the ankles. We also cautiously recalled the safety quiz with the locations for the shower and eye flusher in order to make sure we were prepared in case we required their use. Learning to remember these skills grew our knowledge and helped us be cautious for labs to come when working with dangerous
The experiment apparatus consisted of an extra-large egg, 1/10 spoon of salt, olive oil, water, a spoon, a small sized bowl, a Continental Electric egg beater, an 8” flat frying pan, a cooking stove, and a kitchen stopwatch.
NOTE: The stirring rod was not used in the First and Second experiments, as it was not available. A substitute we used the thermometer.
In order for a system to gain energy the surroundings have to supply it, and visa versa when the system looses energy the surroundings must gain it. As the energy is transferred it can be converted form its original form to another as the transfer takes place, but the energy will never be created or destroyed. The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation of energy, basically restates that energy can’t be destroyed or created “as follows: the total energy of the universe is a constant.” All around the conservation of energy is applied. When gasoline burns in the engine of a car, an equal amount of work and heat appear as the energy is released. The heat from the engine warms its surroundings, the cars parts, the air, and the passenger area. The heat energy is converted into the electrical energy of the radio, chemical energy of the battery, and radiant energy of the lights. The change in the sum of all of the energies formed from the burnt gasoline would be equal to the “…change in energy between the reactants and products.” Biological processes, like photosynthesis, also follow energy conservation. The green plants convert the radiant energy emitted by the Sun into useful chemical energy, such as the oxygen that we breathe. The energy transferred between any surroundings and any system can be in the form of various types of work, chemical, mechanical, radiant, electrical, or heat.
We must make sure the eggs are room temperature. Also, to preheating the oven. The assemblage of the ingredients is extremely easy. Now combine what’s in the bowl which is the sugar, flour, cocoa, eggs and melted butter, and mix. You’re going to mix the ingredients by hand with a spoon until the dry ingredients are combined and fully wet and then stop. Then stir in the chocolate chips as well as you can also add some nuts, like walnuts. Still prepare the egg and sugar mix while the chocolate is melting on the stove, then prepare the rest of the brownie mix. Strain the flour and the cocoa powder in a small bowl. You do this by gently shaking the strainer from left to right and repeat this process once
Mix everything together by string by hand with a large spoon. Slowly pour the butter and sugar mixture into the melted chocolate. Add the egg and continue stirring and pour the cracks, pieces and put them into a mixture. Continue mixing the cracks, pieces to coat them completely with chocolate.
used firewood. I can recall putting wood in the heater and taking a poker to stir the