Main policing procedures in Germany are divided into three different categories. The Federal Police which is called Bundespolizei, the State Police called Laenderpolizei and the Federal Criminal Police Office called Bundeskriminalamt. The Federal Police is secondary to the Ministry of the Interior. The Federal Police join forces within the existing security systems on the foundation of security, the police joins partnerships with the police services of the federal states, other security system of the federation and the federal states, as well as with foreign border authorities. The German court process is made up of both federal constitutional court (Bundesverfassunggericht), which interprets the constitution, and a federal supreme court (Bundesgerichtshof), which is an appeals court.
Police structure in Germany is very different than the United States procedures. Law enforcement in Germany is only devoted to the state its nothing like the United States system. There is no police belonging to a city or town it is all included in the country. The setback of 1945 divided Germany into different sections of the country. The three western regions were turned into the Federal Republic of Germany, the Soviet zone became the German Democratic Republic. Both of the regions wanted their own diverse regulations regarding law enforcement. The new constitution of West German provided strict separation of powers, giving the law enforcement control in the hands of the states. On the federal level, the only policing that was allowed was border control which included the coast guard. Ever since 2005, Germany borders became exposed because of the European Union Bundespolizei, which is the Federal police. As for the East Germany, they c...
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...close, they didn’t want the judge or the prosecutor to read the notes. Second trial day included evidence that Zschape could face life imprisonment if convicted. Zschape is alleged to have formed the National Socialist Underground terrorist group with Uwe Mundlos and Uwe Bohnhardt. Four other accomplice are on trial. The trial was set to end in eight months but now prosecutors say it might last years due to a large number of witnesses and evidence (Spiegel, 2013).
Individuals that were involved in the case were, Judge Manfred Gotzl, Hebert Diemen who was the federal prosecutor, Beate Zschape who was the offender, Wolfgang Heer, Wolfgang Stahl and Anja Sturm which are the defense attorneys. Andre Eminger, Carsten Schults, Holger Gerlach and Ralf Wohllenben were the accused accomplices. No jury was present, and over hundred witness are being questioned.
...Wolf Israelski. The use of sources like the Staatsburgerzeitung gives a unique perspective because they were reporting as soon as these events happen. They offer the direct opinion of the public and were firsthand accounts.
Johannes Mehserle was arrested on January 13th for the murder of Oscar Grant. Mehserle was granted bail; it was set at three million dollars (Bulwa). He testified that he thought that Oscar Grant had a weapon and was going to stock him with his stun gun but by accident he pulled out his gun. The prosecutors were trying to get him convicted of second-degree murder, by saying Mehserle was angry with Grant for resting the arres...
Throughout the Nuremburg trials there were 8 judges. Only 24 Nazis were indicted for war crimes. Out of those 24 only 22 were tried. 1 of the 24 was not included due to his mental/ physical status and his son committed suicide before the trials. Approximately 200 Nazis were tried for various reasons including murder, maltreatment, abduction, enslavement, and robbery. Due to these charges most got off easily and did not have much of a punishment. During the trials survivors of the Holocaust stood in front of the court to share their stories and testify against the defense. Almost all of these stories were very emotional and had several of the people in the court rooms in tears. Because not everyone spoke the same language so they had translators that you could wear to hear someone translate it from one language to the other. Sometimes, with a couple of the stories people would take their headphones off so they didn’t have to hear any more of the gruesome story. There were 12 trials in total with the major trials being the Justice trial, Einsat trial, and the Poctors trial. Only 12 Nazis were sentenced to death through the entirety of the trials.
In early October 1945, the United States, Great Britain, France, and Russia issued an indictment against 24 men and six organizations.2 The indictment appointed against these men and organizations contained four courts: conspiracy to wage aggressive war, crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. The trial at Nuremberg opened on November 20, 1945.3 For judgemen...
Prosecutors have been slacking on the prosecution of Nazi affiliates for long enough, and it’s time for justice to be served. German laws concerning war crimes have recently taken a change for the better. According to Spiegel, a well respected international source for news world wide, stated that a prior conviction of a Nazi concentration camp guard for the murders of thousands of Jews sparked hope in the search for justice. “Demjanjuk was found guilty by a Munich court and sentenced to five years in jail for being an accessory to the murder of 28,060 Jews while he was a guard at Sobibor in occupied Poland.” According to Kurt Schrimm, a German prosecutor, “the Demjanjuk conviction represented a new interpretation of the law.” Because of Demjanjuk’s conviction, prosecutors no longer need to establish culpability in specific murders to secure a conviction. Being an accomplice to the murders that took place in the Holocaust is now enough to find Oskar Gröning guilty for the countless charges he is being charged with. Therefore, under the German legal system, Gröning is guilty for the act of supporting the Nazi regime’s efforts to extinct the Jews and conquer the European
It is very rare that a book can be so compelling that it changes the way you think. Daniel Kahneman achieved this in his groundbreaking book Thinking, Fast and Slow. In his work, Kahneman challenges common notions of human psychology by offering a unique perspective of why we make certain decisions. Based off his contributions throughout his career, Kahneman compiles his experimental findings on human behavior into a complete manual to the human mind. The book delves into human nature and cognition, how we process our decisions and in what frame of mind do we create our perception of the world. More specifically, Kahneman deals with the irrationality of the way we think that leads to biases, mental shortcuts and defense mechanisms. His findings not only acts as an informative self-help but questions the very nature of everyday life.
Each state, under the German constitution, has the authority to generate individual police law and force. Furthermore, each state has various divisions in the police force. The major divisions include the Schutzpolizeiz, the Kriminalpolizei, and the Bundesgrenzshutz (Dammer & Albanese, 2011, p. 100-101). The Schutzpolizeiz are the general police force that handles most aspects of law enforcement. The Kriminalpolizei are private, “plainclothes” police that process more serious cases and investigations. The Bundesgrenzshutz fall into two categories: border police and police handling terrorist-related matters (Dammer & Albanese, 2011, p. 100-101).
With the suspect apprehended there was still the trial to go through. As soon as Hauptmann was taken into custody some samples of his writings were flown to Washington D.C., where a comparison of the samples to the ransom notes could be made. Through a comparison of several of Hauptmann’s sample writings found in his home and the thirteen ransom notes, it was concluded that Hauptmann was the same person who wrote the notes. Other circumstantial evidence was also compiled. The case went to the Supreme Court where Hauptmann was ultimately sentenced to death for his crimes (FBI, 2010).
“The trial was brought to a speedy conclusion. Not only did Judge Evans find the twelve guilty, fine them $100 each, and committed them to jail, but five people in the courtroom who had served as witnesses for the defense arrested. […] The police were then instructed to transfer the seventeen prisoners that night to the county jail”(30).
In the film, A Civil Action, Trial Procedure was shown throughout the entire movie. There are many steps that need to be completed before a verdict and judgment can be reached. These steps are the pleadings, methods of discovery, pretrial hearings, jury selection, opening statements, introduction of evidence, cross examinations, closing arguments, instructions to the jury, and the verdict and judgment. The case in this movie was actually called Anderson v. Cryovac. The plaintiffs are the Anderson family, the Gamache family, the Kane family, the Robbins family, the Toomey family, and the Zona family. The plaintiffs’ attorneys are Jan Schlichtmann, Joe Mulligan, Anthony Roisman, Charlie Nesson, and Kevin Conway. The two co- defendants are W.R. Grace and Beatrice Foods. The two co-defendants’ attorneys are William Cheeseman, Jerome Facher, Neil Jacobs, and Michael Keating.
When an individual enters the criminal justice system, it always begins with the police. So in order for police to be involved in any situation, there has to be a crime committed or violation of any law which has been put in place by the government. As the police act as the enforcement agents of these laws, they are the first ones to be involved. There are four steps that police follows when there is a crime – the crime itself, the report of the crime, the investigation of the crime, and the arrest to finish this process – these are the very basic avenues which police follows.
“The four chief prosecutors of the International Military Tribunal (IMT)—Robert H. Jackson (United States), Francois de Menthon (France), Roman A. Rudenko (Soviet Union), and Sir Hartley Shawcross (Great Britain)—hand down indictments against 24 leading Nazi officials,” (“The Nuremberg Trials”). Alongside the judges stood A prosecutorial staff of over 600 Americans plus additional hundreds from the other three powers assembled and began interviewing potential witnesses and identifying documents from among the 100,000 captured for the prosecution case,” (Doug Linder). This was a time in history that really brought together the great nations and made them what they are
In 1933, the Chancellor of Germany, Adolf Hitler alongside the defendants consisting of a bracket of Nazi officials, doctors and lawyers, military officers, and German industrialists, were impeached for crimes against mortality and human nature. The Nuremberg trials brought Nazi criminals to their justice (Harvard University, Nuremberg Trials Project). The Nazi superior, Adolf Hitler, had committed suicide and was never conducted in these trials. The legal rationale of the cases at the time, were contentious. These trials were known as the benchmark of the creation of a permanent international court, and are today recognized as the catalyst of later instances of genocide and other crimes against humanity. Due to the effects of the trials, it is accurate to say that the sickening persecutions of the trials lack the characteristics of civility and democracy.
...the trial, and those involved in the plot. The defendants were convicted, and most of them were executed at Berlin's prison.