THE HACKER CRACKDOWN
Law and Disorder on the Electronic Frontier
CONTENTS
Preface to the Electronic Release of *The Hacker
Crackdown*
Chronology of the Hacker Crackdown
Introduction
Part 1: CRASHING THE SYSTEM
A Brief History of Telephony / Bell's Golden Vaporware /
Universal Service / Wild Boys and Wire Women / The
Electronic Communities / The Ungentle Giant / The
Breakup / In Defense of the System / The Crash Post-
Mortem / Landslides in Cyberspace
Part 2: THE DIGITAL UNDERGROUND
Steal This Phone / Phreaking and Hacking / The View
>From Under the Floorboards / Boards: Core of the
Underground / Phile Phun / The Rake's Progress /
Strongholds of the Elite / Sting Boards / Hot Potatoes /
War on the Legion / Terminus / Phile 9-1-1 / War Games
/ Real Cyberpunk
Part 3: LAW AND ORDER
Crooked Boards / The World's Biggest Hacker Bust /
Teach Them a Lesson / The U.S. Secret Service / The
Secret Service Battles the Boodlers / A Walk Downtown /
FCIC: The Cutting-Edge Mess / Cyberspace Rangers /
FLETC: Training the Hacker-Trackers
Part 4: THE CIVIL LIBERTARIANS
NuPrometheus + FBI = Grateful Dead / Whole Earth +
Computer Revolution = WELL / Phiber Runs
Underground and Acid Spikes the Well / The Trial of
Knight Lightning / Shadowhawk Plummets to Earth /
Kyrie in the Confessional / $79,499 / A Scholar
Investigates / Computers, Freedom, and Privacy
Electronic Afterword to *The Hacker Crackdown,*
New Years' Day 1994
Preface to the Electronic Release of *The Hacker
Crackdown*
January 1, 1994 -- Austin, Texas
Hi, I'm Bruce Sterling, the author of this
electronic book.
Out in the traditional world of print, *The
Hacker Crackdown* is ISBN 0-553-08058-X, and is
formally catalogued by the Library of Congress as "1.
Computer crimes -- United States. 2. Telephone --
United States -- Corrupt practices. 3. Programming
(Electronic computers) -- United States -- Corrupt
practices." 'Corrupt practices,' I always get a kick out
of that description. Librarians are very ingenious
people.
The paperback is ISBN 0-553-56370-X. If you go
and buy a print version of *The Hacker Crackdown,*
an action I encourage heartily, you may notice that
in the front of the book, beneath the copyright
notice -- "Copyright (C) 1992 by Bruce Sterling" -- it
has this little block of printed legal boilerplate from
the publisher. It says, and I quote:
"No part of this book may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, recording,
or by any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher.
For information address: Bantam Books."
This is a pretty good disclaimer, as such
disclaimers go. I collect intellectual-property
disclaimers, and I've seen dozens of them, and this
one is at least pretty straightforward.
When you think of the internet, usually what first comes to mind is social networking, online marketplaces, and other places that don’t sound that bad. Look deeper and you’ll find that the internet isn’t as nice as you thought it was. This “dark side” of the net is comprised of everything looked down upon in the real world – drugs, weapons, false identities, and even hit men for hire exist in this rough-and-tumble darknet. Not just physical products, but virtual products float around as well; from term papers to file sharing and even e-currency populate this dark area.
The Hacker Crackdown: Law and Disorder on the Electronic Frontier by Bruce Sterling is a book that focuses on the events that occurred on and led up to the AT&T long-distance telephone switching system crashing on January 15, 1990. Not only was this event rare and unheard of it took place in a time when few people knew what was exactly going on and how to fix the problem. There were a lot of controversies about the events that led up to this event and the events that followed because not only did it happen on Martin Luther King Day, but few knew what the situation truly entailed. There was fear, skepticism, disbelief and worry surrounding the people that were involved and all of the issues that it incorporated. After these events took place the police began to crackdown on the law enforcement on hackers and other computer based law breakers. The story of the Hacker Crackdown is technological, sub cultural, criminal, and legal. There were many raids that took place and it became a symbolic debate between fighting serious computer crime and protecting the civil liberties of those involved.
It is difficult to define cyberculture because its boundaries are uncertain and applications to certain circumstances can often be disputed. The common threads of defining cyberculture is a culture which has evolved and continues to evolve from the use of computer networks and the internet and is guided by social and cultural movements reflective of advancements in scientific and technological information. It is not a unified culture but rather a culture that exists in cyberspace and is a compilation of numerous new technologies and capabilities, used by diverse people in diverse real – world locations. Cyberculture, a twentieth century phenomena, has brought challenges unlike any other that the United States has seen in the areas of cyber security and its impact on our most critical institutions. This presentation will focus on the aforementioned three entities where national security is in jeopardy in part due to cyberculture and its intentional use for disruptive and destructive purposes. Breaches of security to the United States Department of Defense, the national power grid and the Chamber of Commerce are very real and omnipresent.
Goleman (1998) remodelled Mayer and Salovey (1997) model into an analogous form. Since emotional intelligence is the ability to identify one’s own feelings as well as the feelings of others, capacity to motivate oneself and others and the management of emotions in relationships, it is one of the best tools to analyse the degree of skills required for each job.
Emotional Intelligence plays a huge role in individual and an organization’s performance. In order to perform at our best we must not only recognize, understand, and keep our emotions in check but also help others to control and keep their emotions in check. This is apparent in the way emotional intelligence allows individuals and organizations to use their intelligence, empathy, and emotions to improve and heighten your gifts. Furthermore, emotional intelligence is a skill that can be learned and when repeated often can become a habit that can last for many
The documentary Rise of the Hackers, focuses on the rising criminal use of hacking and how it is effecting multiple areas of technology. The documentary describes simple and complicated situations concerning hacking, but there still questions that must be answered when it comes to hacking and crime. The main question is in trying to determine why a person would choose to commit computer hacking. There are various theories already present within the criminal justice system that may explain at a micro-level and macro-level. These theories would explain why offenders would commit the crimes, but it may not answer the full scope of the question. The Routine Activities Theory would help to explain why offenders offend, why victims are victimized,
Emotional intelligence ( E.M.) is the ability of an individual to detect both their own emotions and the emotions of others and use this information to guide their actions and adapt to the environment around them. Although skepticised by some scientists today, it is mostly accepted as an actual intelligence rating equivalent to the IQ scale. Emotional intelligence was first talked about , and used , in the 1990’s by Daniel Goleman (a scientific journalist ). Since then, it has been regarded as just important to success in life as I.Q.
Emotional intelligence is sometimes referred to as EI or EQ. In their article, Colfax, Rivera & Perez (2010) stated that “Regardless though of how it is referred to, emotional intelligence (EQ) is concerned with understanding oneself and others, relating to people, and adapting to and coping with the immediate surroundings to be more successful in dealing with environmental demands” (pg 90). This statement helps us to recognize that understanding emotional intelligence can help us to deal with situations as they arise. We can also use emotional intelligence as a decision making tool. Emotional intelligence has four components which are self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management. Self-awareness is when you can recognize your own emotions. Self-management means that a person can effectively control their own emotions. Social-awareness is similar to self-awareness with the difference being that individuals are able to recognize the emotional state of
From there I rolled down to the boardwalk. I sat, alone, watching the ocean waves crash against the shore. While I watched the sun slowly set on the ocean. The waves were pounding the shore with the rhythm of my beating heart. I was beginning to realize the ramifications of living in a wheelchair, no dancing; no high heels; no hiking; no beach-combing. The waves rise up, curl, then crash; drawing back into the sea. With each crash, it seemed to pull a piece of my life out to sea, no more. . . no more. ...
Technology has undergone a revolution which made humans lives simpler and added many benefits to the world. Everyday, technology is constantly being improved and there are new inventions developed to run million-dollar businesses. However, technology can be considered a two-sided blade as it can be used for legitimate purposes as well as for wrongdoing. Almost everyday, countless computers and databases are hacked by cyber criminals who are scattered around the globe. Unknown hackers can range from petty thieves to high level government forces. Aliases are used to keep confidentiality, similar to Henry Dorset from Neuromancer (Gibson), known by the name ‘Case’, who is a cyber space cowboy who steals from many companies and private organizations around the world. Stealing information is considered a crime, which may cause international and sometimes personal disputes. Large-scale disputes can be considered very dangerous, which is why violence is a main factor when technology is used in the wrong form. Similar to Case, Jake Sully in Avatar (Cameron) uses a high performance matrix machine, in this case to control the body of an avatar to retrieve and adapt to the avatar race Na’vi race while sacrificing his real-world life, forgetting his own physical and mental awareness. This ultimately causes a large war between the human and Na’vi race. In both fictional sources technology promotes hacking and cyber-warfare, which not only turns into targeting the opposing side in terms of data, but also physical threats. The modern day article “How Does Cyber Warfare Work” shows that these negative aspects of technology also exist in the real world.
An individual’s ability to control and express their emotions is just as important as his/her ability to respond, understand, and interpret the emotions of others. The ability to do both of these things is emotional intelligence, which, it has been argued, is just as important if not more important than IQ (Cassady & Eissa, 2011). Emotional intelligence refers to one’s ability to perceive emotions, control them, and evaluate them. While some psychologists argue that it is innate, others claim that it is possible to learn and strengthen it. Academically, it has been referred to as social intelligence sub-set. This involves an individual’s ability to monitor their emotions and feelings, as well as those of others, and to differentiate them in a manner that allows the individuals to integrate them in their actions and thoughts (Cassady & Eissa, 2011).
On the contrary, as human beings, we interact with our EQ on a daily basis, with people we either like or dislike to communicate with. Defining the term EQ is “Emotional intelligence includes the components of social intelligence and adds self-awareness and self-regulation of emotions as components to the model” (Kotz, 2011, p 32). In order, for us to be cohesive with our emotions we must understand our reactions and impulses, which counteract with our actions. The content learned and utilize for informational purposes is to understand emotions, when engaging in human contact. The benefit of EQ (Emotional intelligence) in human beings is utilizing and conjugating a skill set of strategic, management, and
Cognitive intelligence (IQ) and Emotional Intelligence (EQ) are both two differentiating types of intelligence that can both be used to enhance one’s overall intelligence level. IQ, or intelligence quotient, is a number derived from a standardized intelligence test and EQ, or emotional quotient, is a measure of a person 's level of emotional intelligence (Cherry, 2015). Originally, IQ tests were calculated and found by dividing one’s mental age by his or her chronological age and then multiplying by 100. In modern time, IQ scores are now calculated by comparing one’s score to other people in the same group as them (Cherry et. al., 2015). A person’s EQ is determined by a person’s ability to “perceive, control, evaluate, and express emotions”.
The definition of emotional intelligence given by Salovey and Mayer (1990) focuses on the ability to understand one’s own and others’ emotions and also to manage one’s own emotions positively. On the other hand, Goleman’s definition (1995) covers more aspects, including 25 abilities and skills such as trustworthiness, communication and empathy. The former definition is more scientific and appropriate while the latter one is called the ‘corporate definition’ because its contents accommodate the interests of large corporations. However, the academic findings of the two professors are not widely known while Goleman’s edition is commonly accepted due to his best-seller book ‘Emotional Intelligence’ (Goleman 1995). The following essay will be mainly based on Goleman’s definition.
Conceptual Definition: Other than that, managing other’s emotion is the third branch of emotional intelligence. It is defined as a capacity to analyze the emotions. It is an understanding of the emotional words of face expression or body language. The individual who can understand the emotions and feelings are able to describe differences between those feeling states. They may be a sensitive person when they alerts with feeling changes because they have the ability to understand the purpose of emotions that is related by how and why the emotions can be swing from one feeling to another feeling (Mayer & Salovey,