The 14 points, the Treaty of Versailles, Henry Cabot Lodge In 1918 President Woodrow Wilson delivered a speech named “The 14 Point Speech.” In his speech Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan to End WWI and to secure world peace. Wilson’s 14 points were designed to prevent wars, by securing borders, creating open treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, and reduction of armaments. The most important point of the 14 Point Speech was to create a world organization to ensure world security. During the Treaty of Versailles Wilson promoted his 14 points and tried to implement them into the peace treaty, but was faced with opposition from other Allies such as Britain, France, and Italy. Brittan, France, and Italy were more concerned at punishing Germany …show more content…
The project was organized by SNCC, CORE, the NAACP, and the SCLC. More than 800 volunteers from around the nation came to either work in “freedom schools,” or register voters. The Freedom Summer highlighted the problem of disenfranchisement and violence. President Johnson was forced to respond, and he did by creating the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which banned literacy tests, authorized a federal lawsuit against pull tax, and required southern states to submit voting law changes to Washington for approval. The success of the Freedom Summer inspired many young people to become social activists. Men like Mario Savio were inspired to protest against the idea of centralized authority and help initiate the Free Speech Movement. Mario help lead a protest against University of California at Berkley after the university banned political activities on campus. In response Savio delivered his “Operation of a Machine” speech where he argues that free citizens of the US aren’t going to be pushed around by central powers. His protest marked the beginning of the Counter Culture movement. Similar to Savio, Tom Hayden applied ideals from SNCC to predominately white college campuses. Hayden became the leader of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), advocating for a “new left.” In SDS’s Port Huron Statement it condemned mainstream liberal politics, Cold War …show more content…
As the federal government began to increase in power so did the president, which led to the president obtaining more power than the constitution ever intended. For example, after the USS Maddox was supposedly attacked for a second time by North Vietnamese gunboats in 1964, president Lyndon B Johnson urged congress to authorize military action. Congress then approved the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution which gave the president power to make military decisions. This allowed Johnson to send troops into Vietnam. The presidents power would only grow greater and would be exposed by president Nixon. Nixon’s Watergate scandal highlights imperial presidency. John Dean was Nixon’s White House counsel, but was fired by Nixon. John Dean testified against Nixon saying that the two men discussed covering up Watergate. Not only did Nixon overuse his power due to the Watergate scandal, but he also would over use his power to hold onto the tapes under “executive privilege” stating that he could not release his tapes because it would hinder his ability to lead as president. The concept of imperial presidency is exposed in the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and Nixon’s Watergate
On January 8, 1918 Wilson presented to Congress his speech The Fourteen Points. This was a plan for freedom and peace after the war (http://www.angelfire.com/in3/wilson/wilson.html). Without going into details of the entire Fourteen Points, a quote from u-s-history.com list the following:
Executive privilege has been around since Washington’s first term in office as the first official president of the United States. During Washington’s presidency he set the stage for the use of executive privilege that will evolve over time into something far greater than its initial purpose. Clinton and Nixon utilized executive privilege in a greater sense than Washington, and later Jefferson. They used executive privilege to cover up their wrongdoings and illegal activities. The outcome of the Nixon trial led to the official acknowledgment of executive privilege as a power allotted to the president and other executive officials, but it also noted that the power of executive privilege does not override the need of key information in a criminal investigation.
The documentary entitled, Watergate Plus 30: Shadow of History, documents the political decisions and environment within the Nixon Administration from 1969-1974. The documentary specifically details and describes the environment and culture in which the Watergate scandal could occur and the events and abuses of power that lead to its occurrence. Setting the tone and the political climate of the Nixon Administration was the Vietnam War; making him a wartime President, a war that he inherited from his predecessor. The Vietnam War faced a lot of opposition from the general public, with massive protests and political demonstrations by the younger generations and overall general public. Nixon’s presidency was surrounded by this climate amidst the
How many Americans recognize the man on the back of the one hundred dollar bill? Do you know who he is and why he is on the back of that bill? If you said George Washington then you are right! It is said that when one begins something that others will follow behind you and in George Washington's case that is correct. George Washington paved the way for many other presidents that followed after him up until the one we currently have today. Without our first president we would not have our current president. George Washington made huge contributions and achievements to our country that still stand today.
It effected the Western Front, Eastern Front, and the rest of Europe in remotely the same way. It changed the way of economics, government, technology, and overall societies. On November 11, 1918, the German government signed an armistice to end fighting. In January 1919, representatives from 27 different Allied nations met in Paris to make a peace settlement. The three major countries and leaders in this final settlement was President Woodrow Wilson of the United States, Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain, and Premier Georges Clemenceau of France. Each of these three people wanted different belongings for their country. Wilson wished for self-determination, his Fourteen Points, and most importantly a League of Nations to prevent future wars and to maintain peace. Clemenceau requested national security, reparations from Germany to pay for war costs, for Germany to be stripped of all of its weapons, and a buffer state, Rhineland, between them and Germany. Lloyd George aspired for only one thing, make the Germans pay for war costs. Secret agreements between nations made some of these desires difficult and the only way to get what they wanted was through compromise. On January 25, 1919, the Paris Peace Conference accepted the League of Nations proposed by Wilson, and in return, he granted them territorial gains. France was also granted its national security. Finally,
Woodrow Wilson most well known for being the 28th president of the United States. Wilson began his life young life in Princeton. Then later became the President of Princeton. After his stunt at Princeton Wilson decided to tackle politics. Where he became the 28th President and led the country through World War 1. Wilson then contributed to the creation of the Treaty of Versailles following the World War. Wilson's dedication to the country was incredible and portrays how hard work leads to results.
Despite the national attention the Watergate scandal had gained President Nixon, he won the second term presidency. The major problem for Nixon would come later. The investigations of the Watergate scandal lead to the discovery of other criminal acts by officials including Nixon. During the investigation many things begin to surface. It was discovered that documents had been destroyed that may have made a link between Nixon and the Watergate scandal. These documents may have shown that he had some acknowledgement in what had happened. There was evidence that people involved in the Nixon campaign had been wire tapping phones illegally for a long time according to “dummies.com”. The greatest issue would come to light during the 1973 Watergate hearings. During testimonies it came to light that every conversation was recorded in the Oval office according to “study.com”. It was demanded that these tapes be reviewed to learn how much involvement President Nixon had in the Watergate burglary. The President felt that he had the right to withhold these tapes through what he referred to as executive privilege. This means that if it is the best interest of the public the president has the right to keep information from the
As many scholars before him and many after him, Woodrow Wilson was a reformist, in that, he endeavored to change the way the government operated (Buck, Cox, Morgan, p. 5). He demanded the efficient operation of the government. He was actually one of the first politicians who specifically asked for efficiency. It was during the Progressive Era, a time of major change. Developments in trade and working conflicts were on the rise as well as the demand for services provided by government. All of this change happening so quickly also jumpstarted an increase in corruption and a continuing loss of values among the people. The spoils system, introduced by President Andrew Jackson, was prevalent. Per the spoils system, party loyalists were given administrative jobs regardless of qualifications or training. This combination of things prompted Wilson to question the development of the government in terms of handling these changes so as to maximize efficiency and utilization of resources. He analyzed the then current power regime, found them lacking in skill and corruptible, and offered suggestions to better the system and prevent future corruption. In response to the spoils system, Wilson demanded that there be a separation of politics and administration which he hoped would liken the government to corporations. With ‘The Study of Administration’ (1887), Wilson supplied the first published essay on public administration and established himself as a foremost authority in this field. In this essay, Wilson publicly launched the idea of government as administration.
Both thought that if Germany was treated poorly then it would fight back, and rise at a later date, destroying the fairly fragile peace. Lloyd George said of Germany “...if she feels that she has been unjustly treated, she will find the means of punishing her conquerors.” Woodrow Wilson included fair peace in his Fourteen Points in an effort to avoid having Germany seek vengeance for poor treatment by the Allies. The custom was to make the losing party or parties in war pay crippling reparations to those who had triumphed, and using economic means keep the conquered parties unable to rise. Since all of the involved European countries, including Germany, had already suffered much, Wilson was for generous treatment, allowing the countries to mend their damaged relationships and rebuild after the Great War. Lloyd George agreed, saying that this generation was not likely to wage war, but that once they left power, a new war would break out. Both Wilson and George wished to avoid this
Towards the end of the first world war, nations abroad realized that peace was necessary for prosperity. All involved parties hesitantly agreed that this war was to be “the war to end all wars.” American president Woodrow Wilson constructed his 14 points, which were to be assessed and evaluated in Versailles. In the end, the newly conceived Treaty of Versailles did include some of Wilson’s ideas; regardless, he was unable to instill Senate ratification, and this is chiefly due to the strength of opposition forces.
Teenagers in the 1950s were restless creatures, tired of listening to parents and doing school work. When they went away to university, it gave them a taste of freedom and responsibility at the same time. Unfortunately, a war was going on for the U.S.: a war not all people thought we should have been involved with in the first place. As Mark Barringer stated in his article "The 1960s: Polarization, Cynicism, and the Youth Rebellion", student radicals Al Haber and Tom Hayden from the University of Michigan formed the Students for a Democratic Society in 1960 as a scholarly arm of an institution for Industrial Democracy. In June 1962, fifty-nine SDS members met ...
In the summer of 1964, SNCC organized the Mississippi Summer Project, which was an urgent call to action for students in Mississippi to challenge and overcome the white racism of their state. The Mississippi Summer Project had three goals: registering voters, operating Freedom Schools, and organizing the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) precincts. SNCC organized Freedom Days where they gathered black people together to collectively try to register to vote and Freedom Schools where they taught children, many of who couldn't yet read or write, to stand up and demand their freedom.
Wilson's 14 Points vs. the Treaty of Versailles. When the peace processes were to start after the end of World War One, there were four people who were major components in the treaty of Paris: Clemenceau, George, Orlando, and Wilson. Clemenceau wanted revenge on the Germans by punishing them through the treaties because he believed that they were at fault for the war; George was in agreement with Clemenceau although he did not feel that Germany should suffer severe punishment; Orlando who wanted the irredenta to be re-established; and President Wilson of the United States of America wanted to create a mild peace with Germany in a fair way. In view of this, Wilson created fourteen points that he wanted accomplished in full as a result of the peace treaties. His fourteen points were his plan for a world peace and included plans for the end of secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, arms reduction, the just settlement of colonial claims, the establishment of a League of Nations, and the evacuation of occupied territories and national self-determination.
Lenin’s decree states good points on how to achieve a brief period of peace and opens it up to negotiations on how to alter the decree to better serve the purpose of peace. The Fourteen Points directly say exactly what Wilson believes is needed and is included in his declaration of entering the war. The Fourteen Points possibly would have been the best plan for the world and did help with the good aspects of the conclusion of the war; however, every country in Europe had it’s own agenda that did not adhere to the wants of the foreign United States of America. In the course of human history, what is best for the people of the world is not what transpires and this is evidently seen in the ambitious ideals put forth by Vladimir Lenin and Woodrow
Woodrow Wilson’s purpose in writing “The Study of Administration” is to bring awareness that the government systems in place need to be re-evaluated and improved. Wilson encourages we need to examine the history of administration set forth by others in determining certain needs to be accomplished in effective ways and methods. Wilson’s desirable outcomes for research within the public administration field are for government systems to become more productive and organized.