Why the Boudica Fought the Romans
The History of the Celtic People
The Iceni were a Celtic tribe which resided in Norfolk and Suffolk in
the east of Britain. Boadicea was part of this noble and warlike
people, the Keltoi or in Latin, Celtae.
The Celts of the first century appear to be farmers, traders and
crafts people. Frank Delaney 1989 quotes from Strabo writing in the
first century saying “They wear ornaments of gold, torcs on their
necks and bracelets on their arms and wrists, while people of high
rank wear dyed garments besprinkled with gold.” He also quotes from
Diodurus Siculus also first century who writes “They accumulate large
quantities of gold and make use of it for personal adornment, not only
the women but also the men. For they wear bracelets on wrists and
arms, and around their necks thick rings of solid gold, and they also
wear finger-rings and even gold tunics . . . They wear a striking kind
of clothing – tunics dyed and stained in various colours and trousers
. . . and they wear striped cloaks, fastened with buckles, thick in
winter and light in summer, picked out with variegated small check
pattern. Their armour includes man-sized shields, decorated in
individual pattern.”
This is a Golden Torc intricately
designed for Celtic men and women
using gold.
The picture that emerges therefore is very different from the dirty,
dull coloured and warlike people living in mud and filth too often
portrayed in our modern interpretations. These Celts were cultured and
civilized they would not easily risk their way of life to go to war
unless provoked in the extreme. From this information given to me I
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...te to the Iceni farms, even going so far as to
build drainage systems to pull all the water from the soil; they
desecrated sanctuaries, stole family heirlooms, money, and deprived
the people of weapons. Poenius Postumus, the commander of the legion
that failed to meet Suetonius in the Midlands, customarily fell on his
own sword for denying his troops the glory of battle.
Boudicca's revolt didn't free the British tribes of the Romans. It
also didn't result in any of the
lands of the Iceni or the Trinovantes being returned. What it did show
was that the Celts could not unite to fight a common enemy. The Roman
legions in Britain were filled with numbers of
Gaulish soldiers, cousins to the British. And the use of the allied
British tribes against the Iceni also showed the lack of unity the
Celts were famous for.
When the Romans Invaded Briton each Celtic tribe was treated differently. The Celtic Iceni tribe kept out of the violent conflict, and because of this they were awarded ‘client kingdom’ status by the Romans. Being a client kingdom meant that the Iceni tribe maintained a considerable amount of independence. They were allowed to keep their rulers, and they were allowed to mint coin. They were bound by treaty to Rome, who in return would back them up, often against rival tribes. Yet the Romans took the view that they had the authority, to at any time intervene in the internal affairs of their client kingdoms. On the other hand the main city of the Trinovantes tribe, which was located just south of the Iceni tribe, was declared by Emperor Claudius as the capital of his British province. The Trinovantes people lost their freedom as well as having most of the...
In this paper it will tell and describe almost everything about Celtic warriors. This paper will have the different weapons and armor that the Celtics used in combat. Also, there will be information about the different fighting tactics that they used on the battle field. And you cannot know these things without knowing the origin of the Celtic cross and how it came about. In conclusion this is what this essay will be teaching.
The battle I will be discussing is the battle of Tora Bora. The engagement took place in the mountains of eastern Afghanistan from December 12, 2001 to December 17, 2001. The units involved were from the CIA, numerous Special Forces groups, Pakistani soldiers and local anti-Taliban fighters. The mission given to the forces was to kill Osama bin Laden from the caves, leave the body with the Taliban and disrupt the Al Qaeda organization by removing their leader. The intent was to infiltrate the cave system, remove bin Laden and return home.
Twenty years after the invasion, Britain was feeling oppressed by the Roman Empire, none more so than the Iceni tribe. Their late king, Prasutagus, had left the Icenian land to the Romans in his will, but on certain conditions. Upon his death, the Romans took over without abiding by any of these conditions, treating the land as if it was theirs by right of conquest. There was looting and tyranny, the king’s family was abused and the Romans savagely ruled over the Iceni. Another factor in aggravating the Britons was that the occupiers began to recall large loans which had been forced upon unwilling Britons. Some Britons were conscripted into the army, the Roman procurators wanted to extract as much wealth as could be had from the latest addition to the empire.
The fall of Rome started in 476 C.E Romulus the last of the Roman emperors in the which was overthrown by the Germanic leader Odoacer who became one of the first Barbarian rulers of Rome. The order of the Roman Empire had brought to western Europe for 1000 years was no more. But if the Romans kept Rome pure with just there their people, I believe that the fall of Rome wouldn't of ended the way it did.
As shown in document 2 written by the Roman historian, Vegtius, it declares, “But when, because of negligence and laziness, parade ground drills were abandoned, the customary armor began to seem heavy since the soldiers rarely ever wore it.” this proves that the Roman soldiers became lazy and weren’t able to fight. The document also says, “So our soldiers fought the Goths without any protection for chest and head and were often beaten by archers.” which caused them to lose many battles and the soldiers thought about running instead of fighting the opposing team. The military also became less willing to follow orders given to them and they also became unreliable to their government.
The climate of Germany suited the warriors well. The combination of “wild scenery and harsh climate” (Tacitus, Germania) had given the barbarians an inherent endurance towards cold and hunger over time. To cope with their surroundings, the warriors had developed powerful physiques, yet their abundant resources of strength and stamina proved not to be a source of pleasure for them, for the warriors had “no fondness for feats of endurance or for hard work” (Tacitus, Germania). In earthly matters, Germany’s apparent lack of precious metals made the warriors quite utilitarian in regards to physical possession. They preferred silver to gold, as silver could be more easily fashioned into useful objects. Only the tribes of warriors on the borders of the Roman empire recognized gold and silver as trading commodities, while the ‘backwoods’ tribes traded through the simple practice of barter, yielding one item in exchange for another (Tacitus, Germania).
The ancient Roman Empire began when Romulus founded the city of Rome in approximately 753 B.C. and lasted until about 1453 A.D. when the German invasion occurred. Throughout this era, specifically 250 BC until 200 AD, historians including Theodor Mommsen and Sara Phang have debated and interpreted several aspects of how and why the Roman military evolved and the military system itself. These authors used several ancient Roman historians, including Livy and Publius, public records, war accounts and many other sources to investigate and theorize different conclusions about why the Roman military was so powerful and how they were able to conquer the vast majority of the European Continent and the known world.
“We will either find a way, or make one.” (Hannibal Barca) That was a quote from Hannibal, the general of the Carthaginian army during the Punic Wars. There were three Punic Wars. They were fought between Rome and Carthage. The three wars were fought between 264 B.C. and 146 B.C. Many people were scared of Hannibal but that didn’t stop the Romans as they won all three wars. Although Hannibal was a great general and he made a big impact on Carthage as a nation, he was no match for Rome in the Punic Wars.
In the darkest hour of the Roman Republic, an army was led against all odds to reign supreme on the Italian peninsula. Led through sheer military genius, the Carthaginian Army laid waste to everything the might of Rome could muster. For years on end, Italy was the stage for the greatest military orchestra the world had yet seen, conducted by a master of strategy and warfare. Hannibal, son of Hamilcar Barca, laid siege to the very idea of Rome’s military prowess. Despite absolute dominance of the Italian peninsula for several years, his success can not be credited to his brilliance and mastery of strategy. Hannibal’s success can be primarily attributed to Rome’s failure to respond at key points of his advance into Italy.
Late Helladic fortification walls on the Greek mainland are found surrounding citadels, not the entire city or site. The citadels seem to have housed central administration and housing for an elite class of citizens. They were built on hills, presumably as another layer of fortification. I will examine the sites of Gla, Midea, Tiryns, and Mycenae to look for similarities and differences in the design and architecture of their fortifications, as well as, arguments about the purpose of the fortifications at these sites. I will also explore how some sites were hindered or helped defensively and economically by their location and their use of fortifications.
Foreign invaders were an issue that caused the fall of the Roman empire, some examples are that the Roman empire was too massive to protect, they couldn’t just put all their legionaries at their borders especially with their troops too concern with their salaries to fight. Because of this Rome hired Germanic mercenaries and tribes to help protect the borders, but later they turned on Rome. The Germanic people could not cross the natural borders of Rome, so they waited for winter and crossed the frozen Rhine and Danube rivers to invade Rome. When the Germanic tribes invaded they destroyed the aqueducts so that there wouldn’t be as much water available to the romans. After the Germanic tribes weakened Rome with the water loss,
Another sizeable contributing factor to the expansion of the Roman Empire was the sacking of Rome by the Gauls in 390 B.C.. “The Romans were completely dumbfounded by the wild and undisciplined charge of the howling Gauls. The Roman’s tightly packed phalanx, a military formation they had adopted from the Greeks of southern Italy, collapsed, and the Romans fled” (Kidner, 129). The sacking left the Romans determined to prevent and avoid any similar outcomes in the future.
After Julius Caesar lay claim to English soil, the Britons were subject to numerous invasions, mostly from Scandinavian tribes to the north of England. Many Scandinavian tribes who raided the Northern coasts remained to become settlers and tillers of the soil, and Anglo-Saxon society continued to be reasonably well organized, aristocratic, and of folklore and legend.
Alongside the rive Elbe, the Marcomanni and Quadi have great power and with bravery they were able to drive out the Boii (42). They had kings that were intertwined with Rome and they were in need of assistance when it came to an army rather than financial (42). The behind of the Marcommani and Quadi, lives the Cotini and Osi where they actually did not speak a lick of German and were not considered German