Why Penguins Huddle

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Why Penguins Huddle

Why do penguins huddle? Do a group of penguins have a better chance of

survival in the cold than a single penguin?

Introduction

The ability to withstand intense cold is one of the penguin’s greatest

assets. Most penguins have rather small feet, wings and heads. The

relatively small surface area in comparison to its volume results in

excellent heat conservation. Many penguins, in addition have a think

insulating layer of fat under the skin. Their closely aligned

veinlarteries enable them to recycle their own body temperature. The

emperor penguins, weight about 27-32 kg are the best equipped of all.

They have nasal chambers which recover heat loss through breathing. On

very cold days, as many as 10 penguins pack into every square metre of

a huddle. This helps warm the penguins because they transfer heat

between individuals, and also reduce their surface area significantly.

On a functional level, huddling cuts the heat loss by as much as 50%,

and enables them to survive the long incubation fast since the warmer

they are, the longer their fat lasts. The temperature inside a huddle

can be as high as +35 degrees Celsius. Penguins take turns to occupy

the warmest and coldest positions in the huddle. On windy days, those

on the windward edge feel the cold more than those in the centre and

down-wind. They follow one another in a continuous procession, passing

through the warm centre of the huddle and eventually returning back to

the windward edge. Because of this constant circulation the huddle

gradually moves downwind. During a 48 hour blizzard, the huddle may

shift as much as 200m.

Aim

The aim of this experiment is to find out whether a group of penguins

have a better chance of survival in the cold than a single penguin.

Prediction

I predict that a group of penguin will loss less heat than a single

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