Isolation and Characterization of Eugenol from Cloves Jean Theresse Perez Human Biology 22 De La Salle University-Dasmariñas Dasmariñas City, Cavite, Philippines ABSTRACT Eugenol was extracted from cloves through the process called steam distillation. A total of 50ml of distillate were collected with temperature monitoring for every 5.0ml of collected liquid. The distillation curve showed that the temperature of volatilization of eugenol is from 98°C to 99°C which is way below its boiling point at 2540C. Chemically active extraction was conducted in order to remove impurities particularly eugenol acetate and caryophyllene. This involves the addition of several solvents particularly hexane, NaOH, HCl, then hexane again in succession. …show more content…
The sample was subjected to steam distillation as illustrated in Figure 1. A total of 50ml of distillate was collected while recording the temperature for every 5.0 ml of distillate. The distillate was transferred into a 250ml Erlenmeyer flask and 3.0 g of NaCl was added. The flask was cooled and the content was transferred into a 250-ml separatory funnel. Then 25.0ml of hexane was added and the mixture was shaken for 5 minutes with occasional venting. The aqueous layer was discarded and the organic layer was left inside. About 25.0ml of 10% NaOH was then added and the mixture was shaken as before. The aqueous layer was collected and then cooled in an ice bath. It was then acidified with enough 6.00 M HCl while the pH is being monitored with red litmus paper. Another 25.0 ml of hexane was added and the mixture was shaken as before. The hexane extract was saved and a small amount of anhydrous sodium sulfate was added. The mixture was then swirled for a couple of minutes then filtered. A small amount of the final extracted was tested separately with 1% FeCl3 and Bayer’s reagent. …show more content…
Initially, NaCl was added in order to demulsify the distillate. Next is the addition of NaOH which solubilise the acidic eugenol into a phenoxide salt, leaving the other components that are neutral in nature. Addition of HCl to the base neutralizes the phenoxide to reform the original acidic form of eugenol. Hexane then solubilises eugenol from the aqueous layer. Anhydrous sodium sulphate was added in order to remove the remaining water in the organic
I will talk about these different sources and what processes are used to extract the oils from the source. When oils are extracted from plants there are different ways that they can be extracted from the pant this is mainly due to where the plants have been grown, the climate that they have been grown in and it can also depend on the soil that is used when the plant was planted. It is even said that when a plant is harvest and way it was harvested can depend on how they will then choose what extraction method will be used. To ensure that you are going to get the best quality from the source. It is extremely important that you get the most natural biochemistry of the plant, as it will then mean that you are going to the best oils sourced. There any many different ways of sourcing essential oils. One of the ways that we extract an oil can be through Solvent extraction. This is when a solvent called hydrocarbon is used to dissolve the essential oils from the plant. This Is done by adding the solvent to the plant. The dissolved essential oil is then distiller by filtering and concentrating the oil, until you have a combination of resin, wax and essential oil this is know as the concentrate. Pure alcohol is then added to the concentrate which will eventually evaporate and leave behind the oil. Steam distillation is
The objective of this experiment was to perform extraction. This is a separation and purification technique, based on different solubility of compounds in immiscible solvent mixtures. Extraction is conducted by shaking the solution with the solvent, until two layers are formed. One layer can then be separated from the other. If the separation does not happen in one try, multiple attempts may be needed.
The materials used during Part 2 of the experiment includes an unknown metal (either A, B, or E), an analytical balance 200 mL of tap water, a 400 mL beaker, a hot plate, 50.0 mL of cold water, and a calorimeter. The materials used during Part 3 of the experiment includes 50.0 mL of deionized water, 2 g of NH4Cl, an analytical balance and a
Once the mixture had been completely dissolved, the solution was transferred to a separatory funnel. The solution was then extracted twice using 5.0 mL of 1 M
Saturated sodium chloride solution, also known as brine solution, is used to wash the distillate mixture. The distillate mixture is the phosphoric acid the co-distilled with the product. The brine solution also removes most of the water from the 4-methylcyclohexane layer. When six drops of 4-methylcyclohexene were added with two
In a fume cupboard using a graduated pipette, 3 mL of pyridine was added to the conical flask, followed by 0.41 mL of benzoyl chloride. The solid produced in the conical flask was yellow and had a creamy texture. The mixture was then heated on a steam bath for 10 minutes and then cooled in a beaker of ice-cold water to improve recovery and ensure full recrystallisation. A 15 mL aliquot of methanol was then added to the mixture and the solid product collected under suction filtration in a Büchner funnel. The solid was then washed with two 20 mL aliquots of methanol and then dried again under suction filtration.
The dried chicory roots are roasted, grounded and then mixed with water. After allowing the mixture to stand for few hours, the insoluble part is separated using filtration and centrifugation. The liquid extract thus obtained is further refined to make it suitable as a food additive. Liquid chicory is packed in 290 litre barrels for easy transport. The liquid chicory extract contains 98% of insulin by weight. Some of the other applications of liquid chicory are due to its anti-inflammatory characteristics and ability to purify the human blood. Chicory liquid form is also used as mild sedative as well as alterative in the medical world. It can also be used in variety of medications like stomach cleaner and gallbladder tonic.
After performing the first Gas Chromatography, we took the organic layer, and mixed it with saturated Sodium Hydroxide. We performed this step to remove the (-OH) group from the Eugenol. The purpose was to make the water as a product, which can also be used as a solvent for the Eugenol that was ionized, for the two substances Acetyl Eugenol and Beta Caryophyllene. Again, we see the density differences in the solvents; we were able to take the organic layer. Finally, we transferred the layer into the beaker and dried, to perform the Gas Chromatography
0.5mL of TICICA in acetonitrile, 1 drop of 1M HCL, and 1 drop of unknown liquid (L21) or 10mg of solid unknown (S21) was added to a test tube. A timer was set up and started after the solutions were mixed together in the test tube. Then the test tube was flicked several times and then placed in a test tube rack holder. The reaction stopped when a precipitate formed. The speed of the reaction was recorded and the results of the test were identified. The NaHSO_3 and water were added to the test tubes and disposed of in the waste container.
Zinc eugenate may decompose in the presence of water through the release of eugenol, making it weak ...
Clove oil was extracted from the buds of syzygium aromaticum by using hot extraction method with the help of Clevenger apparatus . clove was purchased from the market in jalndhar (Punjab). And the clove was then filled inside round bottom flask and this flask was fitted with Clevenger then putted it on heating mantle. We use water as solvent and heatd for 1.5 to 2.5 hours at a temperature around 60 degree celcius and clove oil comes in the narrow tube of the apparatus from there we collected it through tap. We dry the extract with the help of sodium sulphate (Na2so4).
In this experiment, lipids from ground nutmeg are extracted using a combination of solvents and identify the lipids through chromatography. The purpose of using solvent combinations is to elute the lipids based on their polarity to binding of the silica gel. The chromatography is performed on a silica gel plate and the use of iodine to visualize the lipids. By calculating the Rf values for each compound and comparing them to the known lipids, we are able to distinguish the lipids within the grounded nutmeg.
...ve lipid profiles (arising from thyroid-glands) reduces cholesterol and prevent from oxidation. De-oxidation or reduction of cholesterol results in breaking the large chain of molecules of fats clotted in venal tracks broken into smaller parts leaving the venal track. As a result the risk of heart attack and atherosclerosis is minimized or controlled. As it has a toxic level up to some strength. Clove is useful in killing parasites. These parasites could damage the tissues of heart, lungs or kidneys, creating painful diseases like cancer.
Chemistry: Acid-Base Titration. Purpose: The objective of this experiment were: a) to review the concept of simple acid-base reactions; b) to review the stoichiometric calculations involved in chemical reactions; c) to review the basic lab procedure of titration and introduce the student to the concept of a primary standard and the process of standardization; d) to review the calculations involving chemical solutions; e) to help the student improve his/her lab technique Theory: Titration was used to study acid-base neutralization reaction quantitatively. In acid-base titration experiment, a solution of accurately KHP concentration was added gradually to another solution of NaOH concentration until the chemical reaction between the two solutions was completed. The equivalence point was the point at which the acid was completely reacted with or neutralized by the base.
In this experiment three different equations were used and they are the Stoichiometry of Titration Reaction, Converting mL to L, and Calculating the Molarity of NaOH and HCl (Lab Guide pg. 142 and 143).