UV exposure to skin can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause direct chemical alteration in collagen and increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production leading to collagen break down. In addition, ROS produce mediators that cause skin inflammation. Vitamin C neutralizes ROS and is equally effective against UVA (320-400nm) and UVB (290-320 nm) that are produced due to UV exposure and causes skin-aging and sunburns respectively. Vitamin C is most effective as it exerts its action interacellularly and extracellularly (7). A study carried out by Telang (2013)(14) showed that 10 % of vitamin C applied topically decrease UVB induced erythema by 52% and sunburn cell formation by 40-60%. Vitamin C has a role to reduce the melanin formation by inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme that decrease dark spots. It has photo aging protection due to promoting collagen synthesis, as it is essential cofactor for enzymes required for its biosynthesis as a result, decrease wrinkle appearance (15). Therefore, extensive research was carried on for the maximum protection of vitamin C maintaining the stability, pH sensitivity and permeation to the skin. Summary of Preferred Solution N-acyl chitosan nanoparticles loaded with vitamin C: Fig.4. Chitosan structure (16) In this case study, our concern goes for the chitosan nanoparticles; firstly nanoparticles are able to adsorb and/or encapsulate a drug, thus protecting it against chemical and enzymatic degradation. Furthermore the encapsulated drug may be prevented from crystallization, thus forming a solid solution. Depending on drug solubility in the carrier, a drug load varying from only a few percent up to 50%] Secondly, chitosan is ... ... middle of paper ... ...des dissolving of 100mg of PC into 15 ml ethanol and then this solution mixture is added drop-wise into a Vitamin C solution. Continuous stirring is required. The conditions like low temperature and moisture content can be achieved. The organic solvent is then evaporated and by maintaining pH at 7.4 of the phosphate buffer solution (PBS), the solvent traces are removed. The Liposome dispersion is then stored under vacuum overnight. The liposome size can be downsized by sonication. Liposome characterisation i.e. size and surface structure can be observed using cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) (27). The main disadvantage of liposomes is leakage of encapsulated material. Their solubility is relatively low and requires other solubilizers during formulation, which ultimately leads to higher production cost. Another drawback is their shorter half-life(28).
Marks, R., P.A. Foley, D. Jolley, K.R. Knight, and J. Harrison. 1995. The effect of regular sunscreen use on vitamin D levels in an Australian population: results of a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Dermatology 131: 415-421.
Up until the early 1960s, the people of that generation grew up believe that exposure to the sun was healthy and could be used as potential treatments for ailments like acne, for example. The doctors of the early 20th century even promoted the use of the sun’s ultraviolet rays (UV rays) as a treatment for certain strains of tuberculosis. Little did they know the long run consequences of prolonged exposure to the now-labeled ...
Besides that, vitamin C also helps in fights dandruff or some researchers and scholars claimed as seborrhoeic dermatitis. Moreover, based on the study by Ranganathan S. and Mukhopadhyay T (2010), they concluded that dandruff is considered as more towards physiological situation whereby inflammation on the scalp is reffered to seborrhoeic dermatitis. Dandruff problem is said that it is aetiologically from weak immune system and Melinda L. S. (2013) summarizes vitamin C improves in circulation system, skin health, immune system and
Vitamin C in the body acts as an antioxidant. Vitamin C loses electrons easily, a characteristic that allows it to perform as an antioxidant. In the body, antioxidants defend against free radicals. A free radical is a molecule with one or more unpaired electrons, which makes it unstable and highly reactive. By donating an electron or two, antioxidants neutralize free radicals and protect other substances from their damage. Figure 1 illustrates how vitamin C can give up electrons to stop free radical damage and then accept them again to become reactivated. This recycling of vitamin C is key to limiting losses and maintaining a reserve of
Vitamin A helps a lot in the maintenance of a healthy skin, mucus membrane, teeth and other soft tissues of the body.
Vitamin C: Vitamin C helps to stimulate production of collagen and this will help heal wounds. Vitamin C also helps in the production of elastin which is importance to allow wounds to stretch without causing further damage. Vitamin C can be found in fruits such as lemon and oranges as well as peppers, cabbages, cauliflower and
Indoor tanning is a controversial topic and has even been the subject of lawmakers in many states for at least the past ten years. Tanning is a symbol of “health and wealth” for many living in the developed countries and yet it is associated with one of the most deadly cancers known to human beings because of the chemical reaction the Ultra Violet (UV) rays at the cellular level. The research is clear that the use of indoor tanning beds can be dangerous and yet, there are some benefits of using indoor tanning beds. Research has also shown that exposure to UV radiation contributes to the synthesis of Vitamin D in the body, it also can positively boost mood, can heal certain types of skin disorders and may also be helpful for those suffering from fibromyalgia. The indoor tanning industry should make known the risks of using a tanning bed known before selling their use to people. Before one makes a decision to use a tanning bed she should be well informed of the risks and benefits.
Our skin receives ultraviolet rays from the sun. The measure of ultraviolet light rays your skin actually absorbs can be very detrimental to you. Ultraviolet rights can dismantle your folic acid or cause changes in the DNA. These are some ways people can obtain skin cancer. In response to the sun our skin produces Vitamin D. The more eumelanin you have, or the darker your skin, the harder it is for you to make Vitamin D because melanin tends to act as a filter. This means that darker complexions will need be exposed to more sunlight in order to obtain a great deal of Vitamin D. When people are exposed to ultraviolet for an extensive period of time this can cause skin wrinkles. Wrinkles are a sign of lost elasticity in the dermis. The alteration of elastic fibers is what causes the skin to lose its elastic property. A couple other disorders related to the integumentary system include Rosacea and Tinea. Rosacea can be diagnosed by its red appearance around the nose and cheeks. It also looks similar to a rash. A physician would be able to diagnose Rosacea by the fine network of dilated blood
Vitamin E with vitamin C both together can act as more stronger dose to fight against skin inflammation after exposure to UV radiation and can also be useful in decreasing symptoms of acne and eczema.
As an outward sign of beauty, tanned skin has been become a temporary fashionable accessory for the all year round summer look. The artificial skin color gives off an exotic and natural look, and highlight one’s physical traits such as facial structure or eye color. People use different types of machines and processes to tan their bodies such as your traditional sunbathing, spray tanning and tanning beds. They vary based on price points. The resulting appearance of these processes is created by burning and damaging the top layer of the skin. Although a tan may be desirable to many, the fact remains that more people need to be educated on the dangers of the sun’s harmful rays, and the possible health complications of overexposure to artificial or natural sunlight, and chemicals used in the tanning process which if not done properly can result in skin cancer.
The two major properties of vitamin C which make it an ideal antioxidant: First is the low one-electron reduction potentials of both ascorbate (282 mV) and its one-electron oxidation product, the ascorbyl radical (2174 mV) which is derived from the ene-diol functional group in the molecule. These low reduction potentials enable ascorbate and the ascorbyl radical to react with and reduce basically all physiologically relevant radicals and oxidants. For this reason, vitamin C has been said to be “at the bottom of the pecking order” (Carr and Frei, 1999). The second major property that makes vitamin C such an effective antioxidant is the stability of semidehydro-ascorbic acid or ascorbyl free radical(ASF) ,the species formed after the loss of one electron, with a half-life of 10−5 seconds and low reactivity of them (Carr and Frei, 1999;Packer, 2002; Padayatty et al., 2003).Once oxidized, ascorbate is turned into ascorbate free radical (AFR) a molecule that is relatively stable due to electron delocalization. Although AFR can donate another electron, it does not undergo further oxidation. Rather, it is reduced back to ascorbate via NADH-dependent
The sunshine vitamin – Vitamin D – is formed in the human epidermis. 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3 or 7-DHC) is photolysed by ultraviolet B photons with wavelengths of 290-315nm to form previtamin D3. (Grober et al. 2013, pg 331-332) Previtamin D3 is subsequently converted into Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) using body heat. Extreme amounts of sunlight deactivates Vitamin D3 transforming it into inactive photoproducts so (Pilz et al. 2011, pg 576)
Nowadays, healthy is the number one individual and also governmental concern. As the saying goes, ‘an apple a day keeps the doctor away’ is clearly show that eat nutritious food such as fruits and vegetables can provide a good health and can prevent us from harmful diseases. As we know, vegetables provided various types of vitamins needed by the body for instance pumpkin contains a lot of vitamin A, tomatoes contain vitamin C and spinach contains folate. Pumpkin is one of nature’s riches sources of alpha-carotene, a carotenoid that converts to retinol which is a form of vitamin A. The amount of vitamin A that contain in the pumpkin per serving (116g) is 171%, vitamin C 17%, calcium 2% and iron 5% (Pumpkin raw, 2014). There are a lot of benefits when consuming vitamin A, for example this vitamin promotes healthy vision, bone growth, reproduction and help boosts our immune system. Apart from that, a diet high in vitamin A may lower the risk of many types of cancer. Besides, some vegetables also contain a lot of vitamin C such as tomatoes, bell peppers and broccoli. The function of vitamin C is it helps heal the wounds and keep away the body from bacterial infection. According to researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, they discovered that vitamin C can kill drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) bacteria (Libov, 2013, para. 3). Besides that, vitamin C
Since Vitamin C is needed for the growth and repair of tissue in every part of your body, it is very important to the human race. It forms proteins used to make skin, tendons, and ligaments; it also makes scar tissue to heal wounds. Vitamin C is an antixoidint, so it blocks some of the damage caused by free radicals, which are made when you are exposed to radiation or tobacco smoke. Since the body does not make vitamin C, it is important to include it in your daily diet. Vitamin C is also a natural remedy for the common cold. Even if it doesn’t reduce the risk of you getting a cold, if you take vitamin C supplements regularly it might shorten the time you have one or the symptoms are milder. There are many fruits you can eat to get your daily source of vitamin C such as, cantaloupe, citrus fruits, kiwis, mango, papayas, pineapple, and even watermelon. But with all of those fruits, there are vegetables that can al...
Vitamin C is one of the most important vitamins. Without vitamin C, human life would not be on this planet today. It does many positive things in the human body. It increases recovery time from illnesses such as colds. It helps to prevent free radical damage and collagen glycation, which cause the body to age much faster than it usually should. It also helps to prevent major diseases, like scurvy, which results from Vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C is necessary for human life.