There are many forms of victimization which include, stalking, robbery, domestic violence, rape, sexual misconduct, assault, sexual harassment, and various others. Some individual risk factors include, young age, prior victimization, low education level, employment status (citation). The scenario reviewed for this assignment discusses an 8-year-old girl that has been victimized by her father. Evelyn lives at home with both her parents and one younger sibling, her family relocated recently to a new home at father insistence (Laureate Education, 2012). The main influence for Evelyn’s victimization is the victim offender relationship. The family relationship between victim and offender is that of a parental figure and their child. This relationship …show more content…
A proportionate number of victims do not exhibit behaviors that make them likely to be victimized (Woods & Porter, 2008). Evelyn’s young age and relationship to her offender is what created the heightened risk of victimization and ultimately influenced the offense behavior. Additionally, contributing factors include, Evelyn’s father having plenty of access to her whenever he wanted. Him taking her on an educational trip though her grades were not good created access for him to abuse her (Laureate Education, 2012). Evelyn’s many gifts received from her father (Laureate Education, 2012) were a part of his grooming process and probably also done to prevent Evelyn from disclosing the abuse to another. Instead of disclosing the abuse to another adult, Evelyn wrote in her diary about the abuse from her father, indicating that if anyone knew both her mother and father would be taken away (Laureate Education, 2012). This shows that her father used the threat of her parents being taken from her by law enforcement which in turn made Evelyn remain silent about the abuse. When a victim has a close relationship with the offender the abuse is often not disclosed to anyone (Woods & Porter, 2008). Evelyn’s father did not receive any punishment to prevent future abuse due to Evelyn not disclosing the abuse. Per Faupel (n.d.), continued sexual …show more content…
According to Stermac et al., (1995), (as cited in Woods & Porter, 2008), in most cases, the offense occurs in the victim or the offenders home when the relationship between the victim and offender is an intimate or close familial relationship. Per the scenario, the home in the new neighborhood created distance from other houses which decreased contact with neighbors (Laureate Education, 2012). Evelyn’s mother worked long hours and when she was home it appears her time was preoccupied with the care of Evelyn’s younger sibling (Laureate Education, 2012). This leaves Evelyn open to further abuse as her mother does not appear to be involved as much with Evelyn as she is with the other child and Evelyn is often alone with her father. Further, Evelyn’s mother does not appear to be sexually engaged with her husband and he therefore seeks sexual pleasure from Evelyn (Laureate Education, 2012). Evelyn’s mother being unaware of what was happening to her daughter at the hands of her husband was a contributing factor as
Especially in the book Miss America by Day, it mentioned about one of the maltreatments called incest (Maltreatment is intentional harm to or endangerment of a child, Incest is a sexual relations between persons closely related.). Like in the situation of Marilyn, author of the Miss America, she went through incest with her father at the age of five to eighteen, so until she became an adult it was very hard for her to tell her own story to anybody because she was afraid nobody would believe in her. Like the Child, Family, School, Community says, “the closer the victim and offender are emotionally, the greater trauma the victim experiences.” I agree with this statement, it is true that the closer the offender to the victim which the greater the trauma victim experiences. Some of the maltreatments are temperament of the child, marital distress, unemployment, lack of community support, and cultural values such as tolerance of violence can be considered as maltreatment. Other symptoms are poor social skills with peers of their own age(s), unable to trust other people, feel depression, commit suicide, have self-destructive, and confusion about their sexuality. It also said that high percentage of drug abusers, juvenile runaways, and prostitutes have been sexually abused when they were children. But for Marilyn Van Derbur felt very depressed and had temperament, but she coped with her pain by socializing and acting out as if nothing happened to her because she has to keep it as secret from everybody else ( Child, Family, School,
At the Muncie police department victim advocacy, I have increased my ability of communication in a few different ways. The first way that I have increased my communication skills is in the writing area. The way that I have increased my writing skills is by writing briefs about the police reports that come in to the office. The police reports that come in the victim advocate officer are ones that deal with people who have been victimized (battery, domestic violence, or threats of harm). The reason why I write briefs about this is because they have to be put into a police outreach system where letters are sent out to the victim offering the services of the victim advocate office. These briefs have taught me to provide as much information as possible
In Canada, crime is measured using a combination of both police and victim-reported information. Statistics Canada presents surveys to criminologists to analyze the data of criminalization and victimization to determine understand criminal behaviour, how the public perceives it, and how to prevent it. Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR) intended to standardize the collection of police-reported crime statistics from across Canada. Figures generated by UCR are less than perfect, due to variations in the grey lines of recording and interpreting crime between different police. (Cartwright, 2015) The General Social Survey (GSS) was implemented later as a broad social survey to poll for crimes not reported to police. This was because Statistics
Exposure to violence in the first years of life brings about helplessness and terror which can be attributed to the lack of protection received by the parent. The child can no longer trust their parent as a protector (Lieberman 2007). This lack of trust early in life can bring about serious problems later in life, as there is no resolution to the first psychosocial crisis, trust vs. mistrust. For these children exposed to domestic violence, the imaginary monsters that children perceive are not only symbolic representations or a dream. The monsters that children who witness domestic violence have to deal with carry the reflection of their parents. Children who witness domestic violence face a dilemma because the children’s parents are at their most frightening exactly when the child needs them the most. The security of the child is shatter...
Finkelhor, D., Hotaling, G., Lewis, I., & Smith, C. (1990). Sexual abuse in a national survey of
There are always those moments when we make decisions that affect the rest of our lives, turning left when we should have turned right. The difference is that most times we live to regret those decisions unlike Carla and her ill-fated jog to her death. There have been throughout time theories as to why offenders commit crime and what drives them to go against all social norms, but now the discussion in the last 50 years, or so, has been what and how much responsibility the victim has in what makes them an attractive target and how their daily routines can even make then more susceptible to crime. The three theories of victimization I found are the Victim Precipitation theory, the Deviant Place theory, and the Lifestyle theory. Each theory has
Girls are three times as likely to have been sexually abused as boys (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1996). Many female delinquents, an estimated 70 percent, report a history of sexual and physical abuse. Most often, abuse is perpetrated by family members or close family friends who are perceived as trusted adults (Davis, et al., 1997). This in turn leads to a young girl lacking one of the most basic needs which is trust.
Incest could occur. Many sibling offenders have also grown up in families with many children; the average being three. Some studies point to neglect as an underlying dimension of sibling incest and that an older sibling is using a younger sibling to satisfy emotional needs, rather than a need for sexual gratification (Hargett, 2007). Parental rejection is also found to be more frequent in a sibling incest group than in a non-sibling group (Walsh & Krienert, 2011). A substantial proportion of parents of sibling incest offenders had themselves been victims of sexual and/or physical abuse; this could pa...
Victimologists who study with the perspective of mental health/forensic psychology, would ask a question such as was the victim molested as a child? The victimologist would look closely into the background of the victim starting with their immediate family. He or she also looks into their behavior and how the operate. Victimologist with sociological perspective would ask a question such as where does this person live? What is their social class in society?
According to a statement addressing the sexual victimization of college women The Crime and Victimization in America states that, “ One out of four women will be sexually assaulted on a college campus.” This disturbing fact has not minimized throughout the years, instead it is continuing to worsen throughout college campuses. Sexual assault is not an act to be taken lightly. Society must stop pinpointing the individuals who commit these crimes one by one, but rather look at the problem as a whole and begin to understand the main cause of sexual assault and possible methods to reduce these acts of sexual coercion.
During senior seminar, I learned different way of the understanding of the body and embodiment. The topic I chose was the body as a victim which is very relevant today. The body can become victim in many unexpected ways. I will talk about various ways the body can be greatly affected. The definition of a victim is a person injured, harmed or killed because of a crime or accident. It is very easy for a person to become a victim and embody the idea of victimization because it’s easy to become victim.
On January 6, 1941, Franklin D. Roosevelt made a speech to Congress; he states “We look forward to a world founded upon four essential freedoms. First is the freedom of speech and expression. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way. The third is freedom from want… The Fourth is freedom from fear.” What is victimology? What is a criminal victimization? Identifying and discussing the consequences of victimization and types of victims’ restitution and compensation. Also, understanding and identify the characteristics of spousal abuse, domestic violence, elderly abuse and maltreated children and as it relates to sexual, physical and emotional abuse. What are the benefits of victimization studies for victim prevention efforts? We will take a look what it means to be a victim.
Understanding the theories of victimology is important to understand the victims, we need to understand the four main theories of victimization. These theories are the principals of victim assessment. It will give the officer the tools to understand the motive behind the victimization giving him different types of views to analyze the victim. The four main theories of victimization are: Victim Precipitation, Lifestyle, Deviant Place, and Routine Activity. These four theories according to victimology give us the idea of how the victim become to be a victim. The word Victimization meanings “an act that exploits or victimizes someone” and “adversity resulting from being made a victim” (Vocabulary.com. Dictionary Victimization (2017)). By understanding the victim and the influences of their social life is important so we can give the victim the treatment and
Sexual abuse survivors often fees ashamed and are worry that regardless of whom they report to example, family, friends, coworkers, police, prosecutors, doctors or nurses etc. they will not be believed and or they will be blamed for their victimization. Given that most sexual abuses have no witnesses save the survivor, it is usually easy for survivors to keep it a secret. This lack of witnesses further hurts survivors’ chances of being viewed as real victims if they decide to report the incident. According to Alderden and Ullman, the first four stages after a sexual assault has been reported to the police; case founding, arrest, presentation to the prosecutor, and prosecutor approval of charges. These are followed by court verdict and sentencing stages. The sexual abuse victim has frequently been referred to as been victimized twice; once by his or her assailant and again by the criminal legal system. Charges of Sexual abuse often boils down to a case of he said, she said situation because most of the times there are no concrete evidence. Because of the difficulty or lack of evidence most victims of sexual abuse are portrayed to be liars, especially in cases where the victim knows the assailant. From the moment the victim reports the incident to the police, the victim is in a position where he or she is re living the moment. The prosecutor reviews the charges then determine whether to file the charges or not
More importantly, “60 percent of children who are sexually abused do not disclose and most are acquaintances but as many as 47 percent are family or extended family” (The Scope of, 2016). The prevalence of child sexual abuse is difficult to determine because it is often not reported; experts agree that the incidence is far greater than what is reported to authorities (Child Sexual Abuse, 2012). Startling statistics represent the depth of the issue. Globally, prevalence rates show that a range of 7-36% of women and 3-29% of men experience sexual abuse in childhood (The Scope of, 2016). “The U.S Department of Health and Human Services’ Children’s Bureau report child maltreatment 2010 found that 9.2% of victimized children were sexually assaulted” (Child Sexual Abuse,