Introduction The vertical jump is an incredibly important skill to have as an athlete and as an active human being. Every human being requires full body power, to live and function on a daily basis, and the vertical jump is the best and easiest way to display this. Power (based off of strength) is the basis for all athletic needs including speed, balance and agility. Without the ability to undergo rapid force production, athletes cannot compete at an elite level (Welsh, 2016). It is believed to be common knowledge that jumping with a load will hinder your performance, in terms of jump height and overall force production. This may not be the case. With possible implications in athletic training, placing a load in the hands may increase jumping …show more content…
A 20 year old female (52.5kg) was used as the subject. The female was recreationally active in a kinesiology program. A video camera was used to film the participant, perpendicular to and on the right side of the subject. A meter stick was used at the same depth as the subject to act as a scale during data processing. The participant's full body was in the camera frame during the whole of her jump. Three markers were used to attach to the clothing at the acromioclavicular joint, radial process and greater trochanter all on the ride side of the body and were clearly visible. Two jumps were performed: a countermovement jump with just bodyweight, and a countermovement with 1kg weights in both hands. Elbows were fully extended throughout the jump and the subject was permitted two practice jumps. Two separate videos were taken, one for each jump. Markers were clearly visible and the entirety of her body was seen throughout each …show more content…
Arm length multiplied by the total arm ratio found in the anthropometric table yielded the radius of gyration. Moment of inertia about the shoulder was found by the product of arm mass and radius of gyration squared. A free body diagram [FBD] was created along with equations of motion. Arm momentum for both jumps was determined by using the formula for momentum: p=m x v. The moment created by gravity, moment of arm acceleration, moment of inertia at shoulder and shoulder joint moment were found for both jumps in program. For the weighted jump, forces of the weight on the hand, moment of weight forces at the shoulder, weight moment of inertia at the shoulder was found for the weighted
Oatis C. (2009) Kinesiology: The Mechanics & Pathomechanics of Human Movement (Second ed.). Glenside, Pennsylvania: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
...Circumference(Females)—Figure four displays the comparison of vertical jump to calf circumference measurement in the female data. Calf circumference versus jump height in females is shown to have a negative correlation.
Broer was the first to call attention to the similarity of movement patterns used in seemingly dissimilar activities such as the baseball pitch, the badminton clear, and the tennis serve. Objective evidence of such similarities between throwing and striking activities within each of the three major upper-extremity patterns; overarm, sidearm and underarm. The representative activities from these categories across throwing patterns also showed great similarity in the muscular action of the lower extremity. Atwater distinguished between the overarm and sidearm throwing patterns in terms of the direction in which the trunk laterally flexed. When lateral flexion occurred away from the throwing arm, and overarm pattern was used; lateral flexion toward the throwing arm indicated a sidearm pattern. The underarm patter is distinguished by motion predominantly in a sagittal plane with the hand below the waist. Each pattern involves a preparatory movement referred to as a backswing, or windup, followed by the establishment of a base of support prior to the initiation of the force phase and ending in the follow-through. The base of support in the direction of the force application; forward and backward is a distinguishing feature of skill level. It has been well documented that more highly skilled individuals have longer strides. Once the base has been established, the more proximal segments begin the force application phase while the more distal segments complete the backswing.
The Standing Overarm Throw (SOT) is a single-handed throw of an object where it is released above the shoulder. The SOT is a complex skill that involves the entire body. The SOT is an open kinetic chain, which refers to movements in which successive body joints move in combination and where the last segment of movement is free. In SOT, there are many joints or segments involved which generate the force needed to achieve a further distance. Using more joints can produce more force. Force summation also plays a part. Force is generated from the major muscle groups (legs), which is accelerated through the pelvis and the trunk, and culminates in the arm, wrists and fingers. Most of the overhead throw takes place in the limbs, which is a 3rd class lever. The lever is the whole of the moment arm – with the force arm is at the elbow joint and the resistance arm is from the elbow to the wrist/fingers. A player who can utilize this lever to the maximum potential is able to generate more force to propel the object forward. The objective for this paper is to compare the differences in the standing overarm throw between an adult and a child below 7 years old using a plastic shuttlecock. The measurements of the distance thrown are tabulated below:
In this case, I will be talking about basket tosses. Extreme care needs to be taken for this stunt to be completed safely and successfully, meaning there are many rules and regulations set in place (AACCA, 2016). In fact, some competitions discourage them in routines due to the high rate of serious injury. The physics concepts that I will be explaining will involve the whole execution of the skill from the time the flyer is in their hands to the time that she is caught by her bases in a cradle. Concepts such as Newton’s first law will explain how they get her into the air. The use of torque will explain her rotation along with angular momentum. Finally, gravity explains her descent back towards the earth and the impulse momentum theorem describes the most critical part, the
Throughout literature countermovement jumps (CMJ) are seen to be higher in contrast to squat jumps (SJ) (Bobbert et al. 1996; Kubo et al. 1999; Bobbert et al. 2005). However present literature regarding the key potential mechanisms behind why greater muscle forces are seen accelerating the body upwards in CMJ in comparison to SJ is somewhat unclear. A CMJ can be defined as a positioning starting upright, beginning the descending motion in advance of the upward motion in contrast to a SJ where the start position is squatted with no preparatory countermovement (Akl 2013). The higher jump heights seen in CMJ in comparison to SJ are apparent even if at the start of propulsion phase the body configuration is identical (Bobbert et al. 1996). In past literature three main mechanisms have looked to provide an explanation for the greater muscle forces seen in CMJ than the SJ. The first plausible theory is that the muscle stretch in CMJ increases the production of force capability of the contractile machinery (Edman et al. 1978; Ettema et al. 1992; Herzog et al. 2003). Secondly the assumption that the muscle fibres are on the descending limb of their force–length relationship at the start of propulsion in the CMJ and SJ, however in CMJ the stretching of a chain of elastic components, they are not as far past optimum length therefore allowing a greater force over the initial phase of their shortening range, with the stretching of sequences of elastic components, this then causes the storage of elastic energy that is then reutilized in the propulsion phase (Ettema et al. 1992). The final explan...
The focus of this paper is mechanically and automatically break down the deadlift. It focuses on the four phases of the deadlift (The lift off, pull through, the lockout, and the lowering phase) as well as the muscles involved in lifting and lowering the load. The sole purpose of the deadlift is for health and fitness. It is a core lift that works nearly every muscle in the body. Muscles from the lower and upper extremities will go through a period of flexion and extension when moving through the phases. The deadlift should be performed safely, and with proper form to avoid injury. This paper shows and demonstrates the proper form of the deadlift. There are also a number of forces acting on the load and the athlete. Gravity and external forces will be an active part of lifting the load. Images and tables are provided in the paper to better understand the movements and muscles used when performing the deadlift.
In this position the athlete stands upright with their feet slightly separated and parallel, the arms hanging easily at the sides with the palms facing the body. When standing still muscles co-contract to stabilise the body and prevent it from falling or flopping due to the effects of gravity. The key joints that stabilize the body are the ankle joint, knee joint, hip joint, vertebral column and the shoulder girdle.
This skill involves jumping in the sagittal plane about the transverse axis. It consists of hip, knee, ankle, and shoulder joints. In the preparation phase in propulsion, the subject has flexed knees and hips which will need to be straightened by the strength of their corresponding joints such as the hinge joint at the knee joint. The hip joint is a ball and socket joint that bears the body weight and allows for jumping motion. During th...
Gymnasts use physics everyday. As a gymnast I never realized how much physics went into every motion, every back handspring, every mistake on the bars. If gymnasts were physicists (or at least knew more about physics) they would be better equipped to handle the difficult aspects of gymnastics. As a gymnast I learned the motions that were necessary to complete the tricks that I was working on, and as a coach I taught others the same. I never truly understood why a particular angle gave me a better back handspring or why the angle that I hit a springboard at really mattered when completing a vault. We are going to explore some of the different apparatuses in gymnastics and a few of the physics laws that are involved in them. We will not even barely scratch the surface of the different ways that physics can explain gymnastics.
A basketball Jump shot also known as a jumper is one of the most important shots in the game. Its purpose is for the player to jump, usually straight up and while in the mid-air attempt to score while arcing the ball in the basket. Jumps shots are known for winning games, especially crucial last second shots such as mine but it’s a skill that a player should be familiar and have knowledge of. Although it seems simple and easy its actually is a very detailed and mechanical aspect to the game which is why I choose to analyze the biomechanics of a basketball jump shot.
Studies have shown taping an ankle can limit range of motion if done correctly.1, 5 Another study done by Reut...
The core is a vital component in proper function of the kinetic chain. Athletic performance is most often produced by the kinetic chain to reach a desired athletic task (Kibler, B., Press, J., & Sciasca, A, 2006). The core is important for providing local strength and balance. Since the core is central to almost all the kinetic chain controlling balance and range of motion will maximize all kinetic chains of upper and lower extremity function. Therefore, this literature review will concentrate on: the structure of the core, upper extremity power, and lower extremity power. This review offers support for research examining the effect of core strength on upper extremity and lower extremity power.
Physics is a part of everyday life. It is evident in the modern technological devices we use in every day experiences and objects around us. Although physics is understood to be only useful in the classroom, physics can also be applied to one the most popular activities on the planet, basketball. Whether jumping for the ball, or leaping for a slam dunk, the human body follows the same laws of projectile motion as do other objects. The sport that includes shooting, passing, running, and dribbling involves topics covered in physics such as force, friction, effects of air resistance, velocity, air pressure and energy. Basketball also involves factors such as projectile motion in making a basket, gravity and its effects on passing and dribbling, and Newton’s First and Third Law on passing and a number of others.
"Yoga Anatomy - Hip Adductors." VancouverYoga.com - Where the Internet Meets the Innernet. Web. 01 Apr. 2011. .