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Research methodology, is an understanding of the different approaches used to conduct research. Within research methodology validity and reliability are important. The reason, researchers need to understand the methodology, before research is conducted is to ensure that they are using them correctly and ethically and also understand the key concept Validity is when the method used measures what it is suppose to measure. Validity is a true picture of what is being studied. Validity is important because it helps the data results achieve accuracy (Cherry, 2015). To ensure and achieve validity researchers should make sure the data collected is evidence of what it claims to be, and not just data which is not accurate or random (Classroom notes, 2015). Unstructured interviews are much more likely to be valid because the interviewer can explain the question to the participant, therefore the participant is not left to interpret the question if they do not understand. …show more content…
Therefore, other researchers who repeat the same method should obtain similar results. This is because the method is reliable (Classroom notes 2015). Researchers must test a number of times, to make sure the test does not harm animals which would then harm humans. Different animals would react in a different way and that is why more than one animal needs to be tested on to achieve reliability (WhatIs.com, 2015). Representativeness occurs when researchers use participants with similar characteristics as the target population. This is known as having a representative sample (Classroom notes, 2015). An example of representativeness is when researchers are investigating smokers' attitudes towards the smoking ban in cars with children under the age of 18. Researchers would use participants who smoke because it applies to them and not non
...or example, all students of color are not African American, the students in this survey do not represent students everyone in the world, the students did not have to follow up after a nine year period, and female students took the survey more than male students. The female population is overly represented in this data set.
The very first step to the “Nine Step Stairway to Effective Evaluation” is to define the research population. Population can mean anybody. So, it is needs to be clear as to who we are focusing on. The specification of the focused population is defined by the evaluation researcher. This can include, age, gender, race, culture, or socio-economic status just to name a few (DiClemente et al., 2013).
The term methodology refers to the way in which we approach problems and try to find answers and in social science, it applies to how research is conducted, our assumptions, interest and purposes shape which methodology we choose (Steven, 2016:3).Qualitative research is understanding people from their own perspectives, their viewpoint and experiencing reality as they experience it. Qualitative research has many approaches or methods of collecting data and one of them is an interview which I have chosen to explain further based on it as a method of collecting data. The interview is the most common method of data gathering used in qualitative research and it is used in deferent ways by every main theoretical and methodological approach.
The reason why is that the research will be employing a qualitative data paradigm. This means that the latter definition suits the research better. However, to make sure that the data collected is valid throughout the entire research the four primary types of validity will be considered. Another way in which the data gathered will stay valid is by using triangulation on the responses to the questions asked. Denzin (1978) cited in McMurray, Scott and Pace (2008) suggested that there are four types of triangulation.
Reliability is defined as dependability. Validity is defined as being truthful, fair, or reasonable. Standard one of reliability asks if the material being tested on in familiar to the student being tested. It also asks if the student able to perform the same action, or come up with the same result, using the same material given, multiple times. Standard 2 of reliability asks if there is enough proof that the student can in fact do the skill being tested on. Homework, classwork, and scores made on previous quizzes could help provide proof that the student knows the material or can perform the skill. Standard three of reliability asks if the directions and what is expected from the students is clear to the students being tested. The students
Researchers need to understand methodology before a study is conducted in order to have a clear understanding of the research methods and for the researcher to become familiar with the research method used(Study.com, 2015). Concepts: Validity: Validity is the length to which a test measures what it claims to measure(Cherry,
As part of my research methods assignment, I have been asked to carry out a reading to identify and discuss different research methods in two different research studies and provide a critical and literary review of the same articles. The first text is called “Women in the Boardroom: Symbols and Substance?” .This paper proposes if women and minorities add a valuable new perspective that results in an enhanced corporate performance. The second is called “Knife crime statistics”. This paper summarises the available statistics that relate to knife crime.
The investigative process of gathering or evaluating the necessary data are called validation (Cascio & Aguinis, 2011). Validity has two main focuses. Validity focuses on what a test or other procedure measures and how well it measures (Cascio & Aguinis, 2011). When referring to conducting references for new hires, validity can also play a role into their performance. When an individual lists references for the job, calling and speaking with these individuals shows that the numbers that were listed for them were valid and previous employers can provide as much valid information as possible. Validity is a unitary concept because there are not different kinds of validity, but different kinds of evidence for analyzing validity (Cascio & Aguinis, 2011). Validity is not a number or a score, but an inference from available evidence (Cascio & Aguinis,
In qualitative research validation is expressed (or measured) by how well the research tools measure the particular phenomena being studied (Roberts et el, 2006). There are two broad measures of validity which includes external and internal measure (Roberts et el, 2006). Internal validity addresses the reasons for the outcomes of the study through assessing one of three approaches: content, criteria, and constructive validity. Content is considered the weakest form of validation (individual questionnaires) however, it can be more effective if you uses pilot studies and/or "backed up" with literature reviews or other documentary evidence (Roberts, et el, 2006). Criterion validation is a much stronger use of validation which consists of using a questionnaire in comparison to similar forms of measurements.
Validity is the method and design used to conduct a research study and is important because it is the evaluation and presentation of information within a study as the truth (Cozby, 2014). In other words, validity is the pertinence of the tools, processes used and the resulting data (Leung, 2015) used in a research study. There are four types of validity in research, 1) conclusion, 2) internal, 3) external and 4) construct, however, this discussion is limited to internal, external and construct validity.
In chapters 1 and 2, I discussed the problem of successfully implementing computer technology for literacy instruction in the classroom, the need to study the importance of making technology an integral part of literacy education, and the theoretical frameworks of new literacies and constructivism. In this chapter, I will detail the research methodology and forms of data collection I have chosen to use to determine how this study can provide new research for the integration of computers in the classroom as it applies to current and future literacy instructional models.
Research methodology can be defined as, giving a clear cut idea about the methods or process used by a researcher in his/her research in order to gain research objectives. At a right time planning the whole research process and to run it in a right direction, it is very tough to choose related research methodology. Research
Methodology, is defined as the logic behind what methods the researchers choose and why they choose that particular method rather than others Clearly, methodology is different from methods. Methods are the tools or techniques the researchers use to collect data. Therefore, methods are shaped by methodology and methodology can explain why researchers choose the methods.
Research methodology is simply and purely the framework for the study or collection of data. Research is a way to solve problems, which also involves exploring the possible methods and arriving at the best solutions.
The Importance and Appropriateness of Utilizing Different Methodologies for Research. Introduction The process of research entails the logical as well as systematic search for useful data and information with regard to a specific topic (Jha, 2008). It is also comprised of the investigation of the best, most cost effective and appropriate solutions to both social and scientific issues, following an objective and logical analysis. Jha (2008) defines research as the search for knowledge and the discovery of the truth.