India stands for oneness even after differences. It has one of the oldest civilisations and has embraced people from many ethnic groups. The marginalised group comprises a considerable part of the rich cultural heritage and strength of the Indian society. The state of Odisha has a healthy tribal population. The ST population is 22.85% whereas SC population is 17.13%. Some of the tribes are Santal, Munda, Oram, Juanga, Saora, Dharua, Bond and Koya. These indigenous people stay in the hills and forests and are farmers or food gatherers and hence don’t have consistency in lifestyle. Many steps have been taken to elevate the standard of living of these people.
Education can be used as a tool to elevate the standards of the tribal population and hence it is important to develop language skills. Keeping in mind the current scenario, the entire drive of making them employable and bringing the
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The data and facts are supported and substantiated by questionnaire, graphical and statistical tools have been used, and analysis and suggestions have been furnished for a better perspective.
Keywords: Tribal writing competence, L2, Error Analysis, Employability, Social Inclusion.
I) Introduction
India has been a symbol of oneness despite geographical, linguistic, cultural differences. It has incorporated people from many ethnic groups. The indigenous people play a major role in constituting the rich cultural heritage and strength of Indian society. The state of Odisha has a thick tribal population which constitutes 22.85% of ST population and 17.13% of SC population.
These people reside in the hills and forest and are farmers, basket weavers, cattle breeders, fishermen, and hunters. Some of the tribes of Odisha are Santal, Kolha, Munda, Bond, Soara.
II) Present status of English language and English language
The Navajo Native American tribe, have three different ceremonies dedicated to healing the body, mind, and soul titled: The Night way ceremony, The Enemy way ceremony, and the Shooting way ceremony. Each are performed for different reasons.
Not all the Indians have reservations, but all reservations have Indians. Those reservations settled at the areas usually don’t communicate with outside world a lot in more than thirty of the states. Most of reservations are poor, but there still some of them are rich. Indian lands makes up 2.3 percent of the lands in the united States. Reservation life tells its own story. Many Indians and non-Indians think this story usually is the story of tragedy. Life on the rez is hard, violent, criminal, poor and short. By thinking about what they have lost and what they have survived, the conflicts between whites and Indians are more than Indians and Indians. This is one of the hardship in Rez life. Besides all these unfortunates, the Rez life is all right.
In India there are many religious rituals. Some are the same as in the United States of America. They have Muslim and Christian rituals. Some of these rituals the Muslim and Christians of the United States of America participate in. Religious rituals make a huge impact on India’s culture. India’s culture would not be the same without these religious rituals. (“Indian Culture”)
The authors of this article have outlined the purpose, aims, and objectives of the study. It also provides the methods used which is quantitative approach to collect the data, the results, conclusion of the study. It is important that the author should present the essential components of the study in the abstract because the abstract may be the only section that is read by readers to decide if the study is useful or not or to continue reading (Coughlan, Cronin, and Ryan, 2007; Ingham-Broomfield, 2008 p.104; Stockhausen and Conrick, 2002; Nieswiadomy, 2008 p.380).
According to anthropologist they have various words for grains, and wheat alone has 9 different words to describe it. With that evidence, it’s possible to conclude that the tribe had a bountiful of fields with different crops. The tribe can sustain itself with all the crops they farmed. They had animals as well since anthropologist figured out that the lost tribe had words for “Cow”, “Pig”, and “Sheep”. The tribe did lack the words for “Pork”, “Beef” and “Veil”, so we can assume that the tribe did not consume them so they only used them purely for farming or for clothing. Since they didn’t raise animal for food and grow several types of crops their life style is associated with animals. Using crops to feed the tribe and animals also using sheep to maintain the warms in
...the data did not involve member checking thus reducing its robustness and enable to exclude researcher’s bias. Although a constant comparative method was evident in the discussion which improved the plausibility of the final findings. Themes identified were well corroborated but not declared was anytime a point of theoretical saturation Thus, the published report was found to be particularly strong in the area of believability and dependability; less strong in the area of transferability; and is weak in the area of credibility and confirmability, although, editorial limitations can be a barrier in providing a detailed account (Craig & Smyth, 2007; Ryan, Coughlan, & Cronin, 2007).
India is well known as a nation of contrasts, and the nation itself is a paradox. It is one of the world’s oldest known civilizations, yet it has only existed as the nation the world now know sit for 67 years. Similarly, it has produced some of the most important contributions to mathematics, science, philosophy, and trade, yet it is still considered to be a developing nation. The country’s history is a long, winding journey that has led it to its current state – the world’s largest democracy featuring both the same technological advancements enjoyed by the first world and the same challenges and problems faced by the rest of the developing world.
The term ‘Hinduism’ can also encompass the morals, key features and general day to day life experiences that many Indians share. The term ‘Hindu’ has its roots in many different traditions and myths, for example, it has been argued (Flood. G 2011) that ‘Hindu’ may have derived from the Persian term for a group of people who lived on the other side of the river Indus which flows through China, India and Pakistan. ...
Starting at the core of India, its heart can be correlated with Hinduism. Hinduism started in Indian approximately the third millennium BC and is still practiced in the present day. Also, as it is of Indian origin, its rightful place can be considered the heart of India. It can be said that Hinduism is substantially “outdated” by today’s standards as formidable religion of Indian majority. During the period of the caste social structure within India it was en excellent fit. But this ensures its position of the heart of India by being fundamental to the development of ancient India and forming modern India.
The ideas of caste, varna and jati extend across the religious traditions of Islam, Hinduism and Jainism; each holding a different meaning to each community. The idea of ‘caste’ is a unique social stratification system native to India which divides the citizens into four varnas: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras. The idea of caste emphasizes hierarchy and occupational specialization. (Kinsley, 153) However, while Jati, Caste and Varna may all seem similar, they represent very different things across Indian communities.
India sits in the middle of the scale and can be considered both individualistic and collective. There is great need for belonging to a bigger social framework. In Indian culture family is highly stressed. They strive to increase and preserve their family’s riches, by working hard in order to maintain the family’s dignity and insure the longevity of their offspring.. On the other hand the individualistic aspects of Indian culture are influenced by the major religion in India, which is Hinduism. Hindus believe in reincarnation where past lives are seen as affecting and determining the present life, as a result of this individuals are responsible for how they live their lives and how that will impact their next lives. Since aspects of both individualism and collectivism are present, India scores intermediately in this dimension. (Cultural tools, n.d.)
Huge population, pollution, peace, snakes, saris, dance, curry, and religion are probably the most popular words that come up when we think about India. India is a well-known country. Although it is a relatively poor country, it has a rich and diverse culture. India is populated by approximately 953 million people. It has been a home for many religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity. The first four mentioned above originated in India (Finegan 151). Seventy percent of the populations are Hindus. In fact, Hinduism is the oldest and third largest religion in the world. Hinduism has deeply influenced Indian society, for several reasons: it has a long history in this place, it is related to the social status of Indians, and it is integrated with the cultural aspects in India.
Organizational culture is a term that is used to refer to the climate and practices developed by organizations around handling of people within the organization. This concept has received considerable attention among academics and practitioners in business management. The increased attention on the concept has been accompanied by encouraging managers to attempt creating strong organizational cultures as part of a vital trend in managerial thinking. This significant trend is influenced by the fact that leadership and organizational culture are conceptually interconnected. Organizational leaders and managers are increasingly faced with the need to establish
Indian population has a mixture of culture, variety of languages and difference in resources. The difference in occupational structure, literacy level, health status and other socio-economic factors among the states leads to the
If you were to look on a map of the Eastern world, you would see a distinctly shaped country at the bottom of Asia. This country, known as India, is one whose history goes back almost as far as civilization itself. It started out as many other countries did during the rise of civilization, by tribes inhabiting areas around sources of water, or in the case of India, the Indus River Valley. When the first tribes settled, they chose the area for several reasons. It promoted agriculture development and would allow them to grow. The different characteristics of the land also impacted how the tribes grew into a nation as well as influencing their society.