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Importance of budgets n.in an organisation
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Historical trends
Historical trend / time series analysis is the used in the framework to compare the performance of a SME over time and to predict/ forecast future trends.
By collating, calculating and analyzing historical trends, a pattern can be inferred. Consequently, assumptions can be made using these trends for the future.
Reliability of financial statements is of essence while performing trend analysis as inaccurate and inconsistent information can hinder analysis or give an inaccurate assumption of the future. Similarly, changing accounting policies/ reporting standards can hinder analysis. Careful and accurate trend analysis is of utmost importance while drawing down assumptions for the future, such as, sales growth, is an essential number whilst valuing the SME.
Budgets
Budgets are a quintessential financial tool in any business, irrespective of the size. Budgets help chalk out how much cash will be required by each unit, expected revenue and expenses and more importantly a budget helps pinpoint variances between the budgeted figures and the actual figures. An SME face...
A technical analysis uses historical data as a means of predicting currency movements. The technical analyst believes that history repeats itself over and over again. Technical analysis is not concerned with the reasons for currency movements (for example, interest rates or inflation). Instead, it believes that historical currency movements are a clear indication of future ones.
Both passages concern the same topic, the Okefenokee Swamp. Yet, through the use of various techniques, the depictions of the swamp are entirely different. While Passage 1 relies on simplicity and admiration to publicize the swamp, Passage 2 uses explicitness and disgust to emphasize the discomfort the swamp brings to visitors.
Horizontal analysis, also known as trend analysis, shows the changes of the financial data over a period of time. The data is used to determine increases or decrease that have taken place. The data is expressed in dollar and percentage
For example, some economists analyze historical employment trends to make future projections on jobs, design policies or make recommendations for solving economic problems(”Economists”). The idea of solving problems like this interests...
The Midwest: land of TV news anchors, housewives, and dreary, never-ending fields. In her memoir “The Horizontal World”, Debra Marquart uses interesting rhetorical techniques to detail this vast, distinctly uninteresting plain. By using unusual figurative language, outside examples to solidify her points, and a geometric extended metaphor, she paints a picture of perhaps the most boring place on Earth.
A company's budget serves as a guideline in planning and committing costs in order to meet tactical and strategic goals. Tactical goals such as providing budgetary costs for daily operations, and strategic objectives that include R&D, production, marketing, and distribution are all part of the budgeting process. Serving as a guideline rather than being set in stone, the budget is a snapshot of manager's "best thinking at the time it is prepared." (Marshall, 2003, p.496) The budget is a method in which to reign-in discretionary spending, and will likely show variances between what costs have been anticipated and what costs are actually incurred.
Pisano, P., Pironti, M. & Rieple, A. (2015) define trends as ‘…a combination of social, technological, psychological and economic features.’ Customers, employees and suppliers corporate in order to create or customize products or services that mirror the market change. These trends can be divided into 2 categories: socioeconomic trends and technological trends.
Important factors of a company’s outlook are its financial strength and weaknesses. These factors can be evaluated by reviewing the firm’s financial statements and using ratios to help measure a company’s liquidity, leverage, activity, profitability, and growth. Financial ratios are computed by using the information found in a company’s financial statements: primarily income statement and balance sheet. The calculations from the current year, previous years, and other companies in the industry are used as a basis to identify and ev...
After understanding the possible outcomes and usages of Big Data Mining and Analytics, the study of the process is necessary to identify the real possibilities behind this techniques and how this can improve a business performance. To do this; we should comprehend the basics about data mining and the process that leads from pure data to insights.
Looking at the financial reports of a company for the first time can be overwhelming if not intimidating. Analyzing the financial reports to determine the health of a company is much that same but different aspect must be looked at properly in order to predict and assess the health and wellness of a company. The different aspect in assessing the health of a company include the depreciation analysis, stock analysis, cash flow statement analysis, income statement trend analysis, management analysis, significant changes and possible reasons for the changes and implications of change.
It is used to measure the position of a firm in relation to its relative market share as well as its market growth. Based on this the situation where in all of the given four divisions of the firm are at different levels of performance can be evaluated in order to formulate a 5 year strategy plan. This can help in the creation of a portfolio where in returns are optimized by re investing in growth oriented sectors and divesting out of the sectors that are saturated and loss making for the firm.
Stagnation Era was a period of time when the economic and political development was not going any further. The period started in 1964 during the rule of Leonid Brezhnev and ended with Mikhail Gorbachev’s glasnost and perestroika policies, which led to the Revolution of 1989 and finally to the collapse of the Soviet Union. The time period can be described as wastfulness.
“A budget is a plan” (Finkler, Kovner, & Jones, 2007, p. 232). The budgeting process consists of two components forecasting the budget and maintaining the budget (Clark, 2005). In the budgeting process, the manager 's responsibilities include accountability, analyzing variances and managing expenses. When the actual budget differs from the forecasted budget, a variance has occurred and needs to be examined further. Budgets can be used in the both the internal and external benchmarking process to see how the organization is performing compared to similar organizations.
a useful way of analyzing financial statements is to perform either a horizontal or a vertical analysis of an analysis of the states. These analyzes help to a reader of the financial statements to compare companies of different sizes. Horizontal analysis focuses on trends and changes in the items of the financial statements in time. Along with the figures presented in the financial statements, horizontal analysis can help a user of financial statements to see the relative changes in time and identify positive trends or perhaps disturbing. The states for two or more periods are used in landscape analysis. The earliest period is generally used as the base period and the elements of states for all subsequent periods compared to the objects states base period. Changes are shown in general, both in rupee and in percentage.
Decision trees: Tree-shaped structures that represent sets of decisions. These decisions generate rules for the classification of a dataset. Specific decision tree methods include Classification and Regression Trees (CART) and Chi Square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID). CART and CHAID are decision tree techniques used for classification of a dataset. They provide a set of rules that you can apply to a new (unclassified) dataset to predict which records will have a given outcome. CART segments a dataset by creating 2-way splits while CHAID segments using chi square tests to create multi-way splits. CART typically requires less data preparation than CHAID.