The firing procces
A trebuchet starts to fire when the counter weight is hoisted up. When the counterweight is hoisted up as high as possible it has lots and lots of potential energy, when the counterweight drops this potential energy will change into kinetic energy and over the fall gravity and weight will force the counter weight to accelerate and gain momentum.
Speed is key when firing a trebuchet so the best trebuchets have a lot of momentum which means more acceleration which means more speed. On an effective trebuchet the momentum will be strong enough to push the counter weight past the 90 degree angle. Once the payload has reached a fast enough speed, it undergoes centripetal acceleration.
Slightly after the payload has undergone centripetal
…show more content…
Some factors that effect the firing distance
Arm length ratio - if the length of the firing arm from the fulcrum to the counterweight is to long or to short compared to the length of the firing arm from the fulcrum to the sling the trebuchet’s firing distance will be effected. If the ratio of these to sections is less than 3:1 ( with the longer side been the sling side) the payload will not release high enough and the firing distance will be effected. If the ratio is above 3:1 (say 4:1) the moment of inertia will be too low and the force of the counterweight will not be enough to get the counter weight to the necessary velocity to optimise the firing distance.
Wheels or no wheels - having wheels does effect the firing distance. If there is wheels on a trebuchet it allows the counter weight to swing further and faster, creating more force, why? Because the force of going backwards pushes the counterweight. Counterweight mass - the heavier the counterweight the faster the trebuchet will fire, which means more acceleration which will make the payload fire further. If the counterweight is too light than the acceleration will not be high enough to
The arm is designed to carry up to 255,736 pounds of space station material off and on the space station. The arm will have to be used to move every thing into place on the space station. Its main goal will be to make the astronaut’s job a lot easier and safer by the arm doing the most of the work.
The sling will be 18 inches, or the length of the longer end of the arm. I will use a metal pivot point, in order to keep stable and support the weight of the counterweight. The counterweight will be 4985 grams(13 pounds), or approximately 133 times heavier than the payload, which is 45 grams, as according to Siano’s optimal factors of the Trebuchet. The sling will be a string, fully attached on one side, but only a loop around a rod to be released at the optimal release location of 45 degrees to the vertical. Also, the pivot point will be elevated to a height of 1.5 feet, with a sling that is 1.5 feet long. The weight of the arm is projected to be 0.5 pounds, in order to maximize the distance of flight for the golf
For over two hundred centuries, mankind has wrestled with the problem of how to hit an object with another object. From the earliest days of the bow and arrow, to today's modern missile defense system, the need to achieve maximum accuracy and distance from a projectile has been critical to the survival of the human race. There are numerous of ways to solve the problem ranging from trial and error—as early man did—to advanced mathematics including trigonometry and calculus. (While the specific mathematical operations are beyond the scope of this work, we will briefly touch on the equations of motion and how they apply to projectile motion as the project progresses.)
where mp is the mass of the projectile. Once released, the projectile will have a range R given by the equation
Humans have always tried to produce inventive and original designs for weapons all over past, which attack an enemy from a good amount of distance. One of the most successful of these weapons being catapult. A number of steps were taken before the catapult was designed, the sling was shaped to overcome the limitations of the weak human arm, hunters and soldiers developed the bow and arrow to advance in aim and velocity. In the long run, with the design of the catapult key improvements in power and precision were achieved. The catapult was first designed by the Greeks around 400 BC. After much upgradation, their catapults were able to throw 60lb rocks five football fields away. The catapult was the first practice of field artillery, which was
Throughout the years, there have been many different forms of weapons used by the military. One type of weaponry that has failed to be used in modern-day military is a catapult. Catapults are very useful, if there is not a desired accuracy only a general direction in mind. One catapult that has recently been built and destroyed is called, “The Whatever,” created in Mr. Kunz’s sixth period Physics class by Brandon Jones and Jenna Lund. The name of the catapult fits the varying accuracy of the catapult though through testing of the angle of release, angle of launch and the position in which the object that would be projected forward would set.
Conventional guns, such as cannons, 155 mm howitzers, and multiple-launch rocket system (MLRS), utilise the chemical energy derived by igniting a charge of chemicals (gun powder). The maximum velocity at which the penetrator can be propelled is approximately 1.5-2.0 km/sec. On the other hand, electromagnetic launchers (EML guns), or railguns, use the electrical energy, and the concomitant magnetic field (energy), to propel the penetrators/projectiles at velocities up to 10 km/sec. This increase in velocity results in greater kinetic energy for the same penetrator mass. The greater the energy, the greater is the damage inflicted on the target. For this and other reasons, the DoD (especially, the U. S. Army) has conducted extensive research into the railguns.
The Army hand-emplaced, six-tube launcher pod will deliver a high volume of munitions, including flash-bang and sting-ball grenades, at ranges between 25–500 meters. This barrage will enable the warfighter to deny the targeted individuals freedom of movement, while preserving that freedom for friendly forces.
First the energy of conservation. The setting of the trebuchet before firing is shown in Fig 1. A heavy counterweight of mass (M) (contained in a large bucket) on the end of the short arm of a sturdy beam was raised to some height while a smaller mass (m) (the projectile), was positioned on the end of the longer arm near or on the ground. In practice the projectile was usually placed in a leather sling attached to the end of the longer arm. However for simplicity, we shall ignore the sling and compensate for this omission by increasing the assumed length of the beam on the projectile’s side. The counterweight was then allowed to fall so that the longer arm swung upward, the sling following, and the projectile was ultimately thrown from its container at some point near the top of the arc. The far end of the sling was attached to the arm by a rope in such a way that the release occurred at a launching angle near the optimum value ( most likely by repeated trials) for the launch height. The launching position is shown in fig.2 where we have assumed that the projectile is released at the moment the entire beam is vertical. In the figures: (a)=height of the pivot, (b)= length of the short arm, (c)= length of the long arm, while (v) and (V) are the velocities of (m) and (M), respectively, at the moment of launching.
If I were using a cut out of length 1cm, the equation for this would
We use them mostly for business and for shipment. of course catapults today look more modern so you won’t recognize them. For example we use them in airports and we use them in factory’s. In some other places around the world people still do use them.
The height of the beam was determined for purposes of calculating the moment of inertia. Maximum permissible loads were calculated for quarter span and Midspan. The beam was loaded at the midspan in 5lb and increments done until the maximum limit was reached and the deflection recorded. The procedure was repeated for quarter span. The beam dimensions were recorded and the area moment of inertia determined. The safe loads at the mid-span and at the end of cantilever were calculated and the beam was loaded with 2lb at the mid span until the maximum load limit was attained. Deflection was determined at each point of increment. The procedure was repeated in a free end beam. A convenient reference point on the beam was chosen for deflection measurements. A single concentrated load was placed at some point and the deflection determined. The first load was removed and a second load placed at a different point and deflection determined. Both loads were applied simultaneously and the resulting deflection determined. Two non-symmetrical reference points were chosen on the beam and concentrated load (P1) applied at one point at deflection determined. The load was removed from the first reference point and a different load placed at a second reference
In order to shoot an arrow, one needs to think about their target and what angle is most appropriate to shoot from. There are a lot of factors to keep in mind when doing this. Such as the velocity of your arrow, the optimal height you want, and the distance you want to cover. In my exploration, I wanted to see how the different aspects of projectile motion would affect the compound bow and the conve...
Useful for the military, projectile motion can now be used for a number of weapons; which is when an object (like a bullet or cannon) is thrown-projected- and mov...
Angular projectile motion is used to calculate how far an object with an initial velocity that is projected at an angle to the horizontal will travel horizontally. It can also be used to calculate the maximum height reached by the object and how long it was in the air for. When solving angular projectile motion problems, one must consider the following steps. To begin with one must calculate the horizontal acceleration of the object, keeping in mind that the vertical acceleration is 9.8 m/s2 due to gravity. In most cases one is given the angle of the ramp to the horizontal, and the velocity. If not given, the velocity can be calculated using the object’s acceleration at a given moment in time. One must then calculate the vertical and horizontal components of the velocity using a vector diagram. To represent the problem, draw a rough diagram of the problem. Before one calculates the horizontal displacement of the object, one must find the time the object was in the air for.