Chapter: 1
1.2 MINERALS:-
1.2.1 DEFINITION:
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances required in trace amounts for normal body functions such as the development of strong bones and teeth, proper muscle and nerve functions and construction of red blood cells [10]. 1.2.2 KINDS:
There are two types of minerals our body needs and these are called essential minerals [11]. Essential minerals are divided into:
• Major or macro minerals
• Trace or micro minerals
1) Macro minerals are present at large levels in the animal body or required in large amounts in the diet.
Macro minerals include:
• Calcium
• Magnesium
• Potassium
• Sodium
2) Micro minerals are often referred to as trace minerals, meaning they are present at low levels
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Both types also work in synergy with vitamins and other nutrients in the body's metabolism, growth and development [13].
1.2.4 DEFICIENCY: A deficiency in a major or trace mineral can lead to poor health and serious illness that affects several body systems. A calcium deficiency can lead to weak and brittle bones [13].
1.2.5 CALCIUM (Ca):- Calcium (Ca), an essential element, plays a major role in keeping bones healthy and regulating nerve and muscle functions. The bones and teeth contain over 99% of the calcium in the human body. Calcium is also found in the blood, muscles, and other tissue. Calcium in the bones can be used as a reserve that can be released into the body as needed. Bones are always breaking down and rebuilding, and calcium is needed for this process. Nearly all the calcium in your body remains in the bones and teeth, with just a small amount in the bloodstream. If you lack calcium in our diet, our body removes it from our bones and teeth to use in the bloodstream [14, 15].
1.2.5.1 REQUIREMENT:
Some people need more calcium than
Now, when considering whether one wants to prevent or treat Osteoporosis, it does not mean cutting yourself off from foods with small portions or extreme dieting. It is a common misconception that when a person wants to be healthy they must eat in smaller portions, and while this does have some truth, one must consider when it comes to eating healthy, it means to eat healthy by adding nutritious portions of fruits, vegetables, protein, carbs, and of course, calcium intake for the bones in one’s diet. Also, one must not deprive themselves of having a “cheat day” once a week with chips and candy. But it is a good start to begin adding calcium to fortified foods and supplements, such as milk. People should at least aim for 1,000 to 1,200 milligrams a day of calcium.
...tical in preventing osteoporosis and developing fractures. One of the most important ways to prevent this disease is already taking calcium and vitamin D for building and maintaining healthy bone. With these supplements and following a healthy diet plan can help you gain these and provide you with more helpful nutrients. In following your healthy meal plan, one should take into consideration the amount of alcohol they are drinking because it can damage your bones, a plan in action to quit smoking or stay away from smoking and to get into a routine of daily exercise for yourself. Exercise is one of best ways to improve your health including strengthening your bones, balance and coordination. It can prevent falls and may reduce your risk of fractures. The ability to get some sort of exercise during your daily activities can lessen your chances of getting osteoporosis.
In humans, vitamin D plays an essential function in maintaining calcium and phosphate balance, which is important for the maintenance of bone (formation, remodeling, and healing). Holicks et al 2011 asserts that “sufficient vitamin D enhances calcium and phosphorus absorption by 30–40% and 80%, respectively”. However the definition of 25(OH) D sufficiency and deficiency varies. According to the Endocrine Society (Horlicks et al (2011) the I...
... like tuna, mackerel, and salmon. some dairy products, orange juice, soy milk, and some cereals. The only mineral that was the least of the 100% recommended by my DRI was potassium, Which I plan to get from bananas like I stated before, avocados and cantaloupe.
Minerals play an important role in our day-to-day life but we often not contemplate how the minerals are obtained. Minerals are scattered all over the world just like any other resources. Due to the natural processes of magma flow, hydrothermal gradients, sedimentation, and evaporation, Minerals are concentrated in various areas of the Earth’s crust. Obtaining these minerals for human use involves four general steps:
This essay is all about the Element Magnesium. Magnesium is one of the wider known Elements from the periodic table and, as stated in the following essay, is very good for the human body, especially the muscles. It is also one that has been put in to a few different forms to be easier to take as a supplement. This is one of the points discussed in the following essay, as well as these other points; the history of Magnesium and its discovery, places you will find it such as food or other sources, its uses, plus potential health benefits and harms.
Other metabolic bone diseases are osteoporosis, gout, OSTEOARTHRITIS, and PAGET'S DISEASE. Nutritional Disorders Nutritional deficiencies that result in bone damage include RICKETS in children and osteomalacia in adults, caused by a lack of vitamin D. In children, calcium and phosphate are poorly distributed on bones during development, resulting especially in deformity of the legs and arms. In adults, bones of the spine, pelvis, and legs become demineralized and the bones weaken.
Calcium is a mineral found in many foods that the human body cannot produce itself (National Osteoporosis Foundation). According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation it is used in the regulation of heartbeat, stimulation of hormone secretions, conduction of nerve impulses, stimulation of blood clotting, and maintenance of a healthy skeleton. They also state that we lose calcium every day through shed skin, nails, hair, sweat, and other bodily functions. Bones are also constantly being “remodeled” by removal of older pieces of bone and replacement with new bone. These losses make a daily source of calcium invaluable. Calcium has traditionally been thought of in conjunction to milk, but this connection is slowly being broken.
Nutrition plays a significant role in the development of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from the loss of bone mass which can be the result of hormonal changes or a deficiency of calcium or vitamin D. Calcium is important for healthy bones and because our body does not produce calcium. We must get it from foods that we eat. The needed amount of calcium for adults over 50 years old is 1,200 mg while an age 19-50 is 1,000 mg and for children 9-18 is 1,300 mg. Popular sources of calcium are milk, yogurt and cheese. Other sources of calcium can be found in leafy green vegetables such as lettuces, spinach, collards, kale, Swiss chard, rhubarb, turnip greens, mustard, and
Though it has had many negative impacts on the environment in the past, mining is a vital industry completely necessary to our economy and lives. Nearly every item we use or encounter in our day to day lives is mined or contains mined products. Without the excavation of such materials things like computers, televisions, large building structures, electricity, and cars would not be possible. Virtually every technological and medical advance uses minded materials, without which millions would suffer. Some examples of minerals in the home include the telephone which is made from as many as 42 different minerals, including aluminum, beryllium, coal, copper, gold, iron, silver, and talc. A television requires over 35 different minerals, and more than 30 minerals are needed to make a single personal computer. Without boron, copper, gold and quartz, your digital alarm clock would not work. Every American uses an average 47,000 pounds of newly mined materials each year, which is higher than all other countries with the exception of Japan, which is a staggering figure representative of our dependence and need for mined minerals. Coal makes up more than half of nation’s electricity, and will continue to be the largest electrical supplier into 2020 & accounting for some 95 percent of the nation's fossil energy reserves – nine of every ten short-tons of coal mined in the United States is used for electricity generation. As the population of the world grows more mineral resources must be exploited through mining in order to support the rising demand for such products. Though it may present a hazard to the environment and those physically located nears the mines, the materials extracted from mines...
Micronutrients are minerals and vitamins essential to maintain your good health. There are about thirty different micronutrients that are needed for normal growth and maintenance of human life. When food is left in its normal stage, it is filled with these thirty micronutrients. All
Illness is one of the main causes when you don’t have enough vitamins in your system because your immune is weak by not having any vitamin. A weak immune system can make you more susceptible to a common cold or fever. It seems that taking vitamin supplements does not work as well as taking vitamin in by a healthy diet. When eating unhealthy you could get different types of diseases. Having a high blood pressure can cause a higher risk of strokes and heart problems along with diabetes. Over time our population
Vitamins and minerals keep the human body running. Vitamins are organic substances that are divided into 2 categories: water-soluble and fat-soluble. The fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K. These vitamins dissolve in fat, therefore they can be stored in the body. The water soluble vitamins are C and B. Water-soluble vitamins need to be dissolved into water before the body can absorb them. Because water soluble vitamins are dissolved in water, the human body cannot store them. This means that whatever is not used or need by the body is let go as a waste product. Each day the body needs to bring in a fresh supply of water soluble vitamins. Minerals, on the other hand, are inorganic substances that help keep the body going. Minerals that humans need are found in the earth and in water. These substances are then absorbed by the plants we eat. Minerals also end up in the animals humans consume became originally the taanimals eat plants. Minerals are also split into two categories. In the first category falls the minerals that humans need proportional large amount of. An example of one of these minerals would be calcium. The other category of minerals is called trace minerals. These minerals are minerals that the human body does not require a lot of. Some example would be iodine, zinc, and iron. Vitamins and minerals are very important to humans being because they keep the body functioning properly.
These vitamins are fat soluble, which means they can only be absorbed with the help of fat.
These vitamins are crucial as in the human body requires them from outer sources to replenish.