Figure 1: Tongue (100x: H&E)- Foliate papillae are located on the sides towards the back of the tongue. These papillae are parallel ridges that are lined with stratified squamous epithelium, and separated by mucosal clefts. Within each cleft sit taste buds that are oval in shape and extend through the epithelium. Underneath the epithelium is a layer of loose connective tissue. Lingual serous glands are present in the connective tissue beneath the papillae, and secrete a fluid that is composed of proteins and water. These glands have ducts which allow the glands to empty into the base of the clefts. The striated muscle beneath the loose connective tissue is arranged in bundles that usually run in three planes, allowing the tongue to be flexible and precise with its movements.
Figure 2: Esophagus (40x: H&E)- The esophagus is a muscular tube that links the pharynx with stomach allowing foods, liquids, and saliva to be carried to the stomach. The wall of the esophagus is formed by four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa. The mucosa is lined with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Underneath this epithelium is the lamina propria, which is a
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The innermost layer of mucosa consists of simple columnar epithelial tissue and is smooth and lacks villi. Goblet cells are also present in the mucosa. The submucosa layer consists of connective tissue and nerves, and ultimately provides support for the surrounding layers. The muscularis externa consists of smooth muscle bands that provide contraction (peristalsis and segmentation). When the large intestine is in contact with other structures an adventitia is present in the outer layer, and when it is not in contact with other structures the serosa is a thin layer of simple squamous epithelial
mucous layer of the organs in the digestive tract by means of enzymes and acids.
It is much thicker than the epidermis and contains collagen, reticular and elastic fibers, and is vascular. The area where the dermis meets the epidermis is unique in that the epidermis contains ridges at the stratum basale layer which interlocks with the dermal papillae, which are upward projections, like waves, on the uppermost surface of the dermis. The dermis had two sublayers. The papillary layer is in the dermal papillae and near it and is made up of areolar tissue. The reticular layer is dense irregular connective tissue that is found at the basal end of the dermis and contains collagen and adipose
From medial to lateral to the lumen, there is the mucosa, then the submucosa, and finally the serosa ("SIU SOM Histology
Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the portal through which nutritive substances; vitamins, minerals and fluids enter the body. The digestive tract is more than 10 metres long from one end to the other. It is continuous starting from the mouth, passing through the pharynx and the oesophagus, to the stomach, the small and large intestines, ending in the rectum, and finally into the anus. The GI tract is divided into two main sections: the upper GI tract and the lower GI tract. Upper GIT includes the mouth, pharynx, oesophagus and stomach. The lower GI tract includes the small and large intestines and anus. The accessory organs of digestions are the gallbladder, liver and pancreas. Diseases that may occur in upper and lower GIT can be divided as oesophageal diseases, gastric diseases and intestinal diseases.
Simple epithelia: Epithelia tissue can have cell shapes these are the Columnar, Cuboidal, and Squamous Cell Shapes. All this cells shapes are part of a type of an epithelia tissue which is the simple Epithelia. There are columnar cells, which means column-like cells and squamous cells, which are flattened and scale-like cells, simple squamous epithelia is found in walls of lung alveoli, blood capillaries and bowman’s
Esophagus: Esophagus is a long straight tube which connects the pharynx to the stomach. Once the food has been reduced to a soft mush, the tongue pushes it to the throat which leads to a long straight tube called esophagus. The esophagus squeezes the mass of food with rhythmic muscle contraction called peristalsis which then forces the food to the stomach.
In order for this breakdown to happen, the ‘tube’ through which the food travels requires assistance from a number of other digestive organs starting with the salivary glands, and later receiving
Large Intestine- The large intestine is made of 3 parts; the cecum, the colon, and the rectum. Some refer to the large intestine as the colon, because the colon contains four separate parts; the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon (WebMD (2).) The cecum connects the small and the large intestine, acting as a transition area for food to travel. The ascending colon takes feces from the cecum to the transverse colon, during this process, bacteria digest fecal matter for the release of vitamins. The longest part of the colon, the transverse colon, is where the most absorption within the large intestine takes place. The descending colon transports feces from the transverse colon to the sigmoid colon. The descending colon walls also absorb water, nutrients, and vitamins from the feces, and can store the feces until it is read to be eliminated. The sigmoid colon can also
...ve eaten, to break down the food into a liquid mixture and to slowly empty that liquid mixture into the small intestine. Once the bolus has entered your stomach it begins to be broken down with the help of the strong muscles and gastric juices which are located in the walls of your stomach. The gastric juices are made up of hydrochloric acid, water, and mucus- and the main enzyme inside of your stomach is what is known as pepsin, which needs to be surrounded in an acidic setting in order to do its job, that is to break down protein. Once the bolus has been inside of your stomach for long enough it begins to form into a liquid called chyme, and what keeps the chyme from flowing back into our esophagus are ring shaped muscles known as sphincters located at the beginnings and ends of the stomach and they have the task of controlling the flow of solids and liquids.
The pharynx is a large cavity behind the mouth and between the nasal cavity and larynx. The pharynx serves, as an air and food passage but cannot be used for both purposes at the same time, otherwise choking would result. The air is also warmed and moistened further as it passes through the pharynx. The larynx is a short passage connecting the pharynx to the trachea and contains vocal chords. The larynx has a rigid wall and is composed mainly of muscle and cartilage, which help prevent collapse and obstruction of the airway.
Imagine you are eating a sandwich containing wheat bread, ham, lettuce, and Swiss cheese. Do you ever wonder where the nutrients go from all of the previous listed ingredients? Well, when a bite of this sandwich is taken, the mouth produces a saliva enzyme called amylase. This enzyme immediately goes to work by breaking down the carbohydrates that are in the bread. Once, the bite is completely chewed, the contents then are swallowed and go down the esophagus and begin to head towards the upper esophageal sphincter and the is involuntarily pushed towards the stomach. The next passage for the sandwich is to go through the lower esophageal sphincter; which transports the sandwich into the stomach.
-Cyst that arises from epithelium entrapped within lymphoid tissue. It presents as a superficial submucosal mass that is yellow or whitish in coloration. The most frequent location is in the floor of the mouth followed by the posterior lateral border of the tongue, soft palate, tonsillar pillars, orophorynx, and the ventral tongue. The entrapped epithelium may have originated from salivary gland ducts or from the lining epithelium of surface invaginations plugged with desquamative keratin. Surgical excision can be performed; however, it is not necessary.
Epithelial tissue covers the surface of the human body and lines most internal cavities. Epithelial tissue is found in the body’s skin, lining of the stomach and intestines, the kidney, and glands, as well as other locations within the body (Amsel, 2012). The two types of epithelial tissue are (1) covering and lining epithelium and (2) glandular epithelium. The covering and lining epithelium are found lining the integumentary, digestive, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems as well as the ventral body cavity and the organs this cavity houses (Hoehn, et al., 2007, p. 118). The glandular epithelium is found within the glands of the entire human body. Not only are their two types of epithelial tissue found in the human body, there are also multiple classifications and various shapes. These classific...
The larynx, known as the voice box, consists of an outer casing of nine cartilages that are connected to one another by muscles and ligaments. There are three unpaired cartilages and six paired. The unpaired cartilages include the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis. The thyroid cartilage is the largest and better known as the Adam’s apple. The cricoid cartilage is the most inferior cartilage of the larynx which forms the base of the larynx on which the other cartilages rest. Together, the thyroid and cricoid cartilages maintain an open passageway for air movement. The epiglottis and vestibular folds, or false vocal chords, prevent swallowed material from moving into the larynx. The paired cartilages, accounting for the remaining six, include the arytenoid (ladl...
As further protection, the eyelids automatically close when an object suddenly moves close to the eye.Parts Of the EyeThe eye is made of 3 coats, or tunics. The outermost coat consists of the cornea and the sclera. The middle coat contains the main blood supply to the eye and consists of the choroid, the ciliary body, and the Iris. The innermost layer is the retina.Cornea and ScleraThe Sclera, or the white of the eye, is composed of tough fibrous tissue. On the exposed area of the eye the scleral surface is covered with a mucous membrane called the conjunctiva.