Rachna Shah
Maanasa's Q&A notes
(Topic: Grendel’s Mother)
1. How is Grendel’s mother a “phallic mother”? What is this role in the story?
Q1 - Mother - Grendel has no father. Grendel’s mother is the only thing that caused Grendel to exist.
Phallic - Her sword. (Eroticism when Beowulf employs the sword on her.)
Also implies a Oedipal complex between Grendel and his mother, who live alone together. Grendel’s decapitation through the use of his mother’s sword implies an incestuous relationship between the two.
Because she is both masculine and feminine, she is a phallic mother. However, it’s important to note that her power comes from her feminine qualities.
2. As Beowulf was written a long time ago, could Grendel’s mother be a representation
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If Beowulf has elucidated the masculine power of Grendel’s mother, wouldn’t it enhance Beowulf’s own masculinity, as he has beaten her?
The poet emphasizes her feminine qualities, despite her power. For Beowulf, it would be damaging to admit that it was difficult to beat Grendel’s mother out of virtue of her being a woman. Because the people view her as a woman, he can’t overrepresent her without making himself seem weak.
Could emphasize the origin role of mother, rather than the ‘woman’ aspect of mother, as well as the combined role of mother and father.
However, the townspeople have seen and experienced the trauma of Grendel’s attacks. The people weren’t plagued by the mother, but by Grendel. By stating that he defeated their monster not once, but twice, it is more likely people would look up to him than if he elaborated on defeating the mother, even if she was worse than Grendel.
5. Why doesn’t Beowulf bring both of the dead back? Wouldn’t this bring him twice the honor?
Beowulf wants to tell the story in a very specific way. He wants to emphasize the battle with Grendel rather than with Grendel’s mother, despite the latter one being more difficult.
(Side-note: The head is a distraction, leaves all onlookers in the hall
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7. Does the hiding of Grendel’s mother speaks more to Beowulf’s character or the society?
It speaks more to society, and what society deems acceptable for Beowulf to say.
8. Is there a point where man can yield their pride and admit to a woman’s value in society?
No, not in the story. The story takes place in a short era wherein not enough change can occur. The society only acknowledges certain qualities of a woman - such as the Queen’s generosity - and only when these qualities are a boon to them. Society wouldn't acknowledge Grendel's mother or her strength in physical battle.
Liana's Q&A Notes
(Topic: Role of Women in Beowulf)
How effective is the violence in Beowulf as a means of strength when women utilize it?
The author argues for the strength of the Evil Queen and Grendel’s mom. Grendel’s mom was more effective, however, because she wasn’t constrained by society. The Evil Queen had societal obligations when she married; she had to act in a certain way, and couldn’t simply kill whoever she wanted. Violence, however, is most effective when no social obligation exists for its user. Grendel’s mom’s actions were justified by society, in terms of their code of vengeance, but because she is an outcast, she didn’t even have to comply with society’s rules in the first
Beowulf was a true hero, in the eyes of many, through said traits. He fought a number of battles and was triumphant in all, except his last battle. Beowulf possessed the skills and power necessary to kill Grendel, the monster who had been terrorizing the Danes for over a decade, with his bare hands. While fighting, Beowulf detached Grendel’s arm from his shoulder, which was later hung up as a trophy. Beowulf eventually put an end to Grendel’s life, and naturally, Grendel’s mother had pursued Beowulf. Although Grendel’s mother was an even deadlier monster than her son, Beowulf once again proved his abilities by slaying her, as well. He slashed her neck with a sword that carried unbearable weight. Afterwards, he carried her head with only his own arms, while it took the a...
Grendel's mother, woman, monster-wife, was mindful of her misery, she who had to dwell in the terrible water, the cold currents, after Cain became sword-slayer of his only brother, his father's own son. Then Cain went as an outlaw to flee the cheerful life of men, marked for his murder, held to the wasteland. From him sprang many a devil sent by fate. Grendel was one of them, hateful outcast who at Herot found a waking man waiting his warfare. There a monster had laid hold upon him...Then he went off wretched, bereft of joy, to seek his dying place, enemy of mankind. And his mother, still greedy and gallows-grin, would go on a sorrowful venture, avenge her son's death".
Despite her limited involvement in his life, Grendel’s mother indubitably impacts her son. Because she cannot speak to Grendel in a way that he understands, Grendel becomes very lonely. He wonders, “Why can’t I have someone to talk to” (Gardner 53)? This lack of communication causes Grendel to feel very distant from his own mother. As a result of his increased solitary time, he begins to isolate himself and becomes alienated. Grendel cries, “I shake my head, muttering darkly on shaded paths, holding conversation with the only friend and comfort this world affords, my shadow” (Gardner 8). Rather than looking to his mother for advice, the outcast is forced to rely on himself, thus, making him more independent and free to do as he pleases. One time Grendel asked his mother, “Why are we here” (Gardner 11)? His mother’s blank response enabled him to formulate his own austere answer to the question, resulting in his adverse and destructive ways of
“A peace-weaver was a woman who would be married to a person from an enemy tribe in the hopes of ending a feud” (Yewdaev). The role of women in Anglo-Saxon culture was simple: to settle arguments through arranged marriage. However, Grendel’s mother did not follow similar principles. Instead of arriving at the mead hall ready to make amends and to settle Grendel’s dispute, she returns bloodthirsty and yearning for revenge. Another part that women in the Anglo-Saxon period undertook was that of a cupbearer. “So the Helming woman went on her rounds, / queenly and dignified, decked out in rings, / offering the goblet to all ranks, / treating the household” (Heaney 620-623). Cupbearers served the purpose of passing around cups of mead around to the men until they were all drunk and merry. Grendel’s mother’s independence and lack of subordination to men in the culture epitomizes the contrast she faces with other women in the era. Her attack is surprisingly more impactful than all of Grendel’s together, even though she only delivers a single fatality. Rather than taking out a random drunk guard, she goes straight for Hrothgar’s favorite advisor. “To Hrothgar, this man was the most beloved/ of the friends he trusted between the two seas” (1296-1297). Evidently, coincidence or not, her attack on his advisor was immensely powerful, and contradicts the passive,
The fact there is no mentioning of Grendel’s mother’s name implies that she is valuable insofar as her son is alive. This is could not further away from the truth because Grendel’s mother saved his life, and she is more powerful (Hala 39). Grendel acknowledges when he mentions “a shriek tens as loud as mine came blaring off the cliff. It was my mother!” (Gardner 27). While Grendel situates himself in danger, his mother comes along to save him from the situation that he placed himself into. Even though she has her own identity and persona, the novel never mentions her as something other than him. She is more powerful and dominant than Grendel physically, but because of the nature of her role, she becomes as subservient mother whose only function in life is to serve her son. She does not know anything besides her role as a mother, implying that mothers have no other role in life even they are talented or powerful. The novel is eroding the worth and value that comes from a mother because she has played an important role in raising Grendel. Because the book Grendel is trying to mimic the same world from when Beowulf is written, there are apparent contradictions when Gardner writes the mother “had forgotten all language long ago, or maybe never had never known any. I’d never heard her speak to the other shapes.” The mother is powerful and influential, but Grendel’s mother is continually portrayed is an unintelligent, useless being that has no independent worth beyond her
In the poem “Beowulf,” Grendel’s mother, a monstrous creature, is one of the three antagonists Beowulf, the main character, fights against. The battle against Grendel’s mother appears to be the strangest of the three battles. The main reason for its strangeness is that Grendel’s mother is the mother of the monster Grendel, who was killed by Beowulf in the first battle. Another reason for its strangeness is that Grendel’s mother is the only female-type creature. An alternative reason for this strangeness in the battle is due to the fact that Grendel’s mother is not a true monster, aside from her physical form. Through the explanation of kinship, the understanding of the missing words from the original text, and the comparison of Grendel’s mother to other mothers in the poem, specifically Welthow and Hildeburh, it can be established that the intentions of Grendel’s mother are not monstrous even though she has the appearance of a monster.
Grendel exhibits human feelings and characteristics in many ways. Although Grendel is a monster “forced into isolation by his bestial appearance and limited imagination” (Butts) he yearns to be a part of society; he craves companionship while he is isolated. With his “ear pressed tight against the timbers [of Hart]” (43), he watches and listens to the humans and what goes on in Hart, the meadhall of King Hrothgar, to feel like he is a part of civilization. He also has feelings in relation to specific humans. Just like the citizens of Denmark, he is extremely affected by the Shaper and his songs that are “aswim in ringing phrases, magnificent, golden, all of them, incredibly, lies” (43). Grendel is profoundly “moved by the power of the Shaper’s poetry” (Butts). Queen Wealtheow shows Grendel the feminine, sweet, and kind side of life. “She had secret wells of joy that overflowed to them all” and her peaceful effect on those around her is a main cause of Grendel’s almost obsessive fascination with her and in turn, drives Grendel to feelings of rage. Grendel’s humanlike feelings show that his personality is similar to that of a human, helping those who read his story to relate to him.
... campaign was against a Welsh king who killed a Mercian abbot. The sole reason she sought to kill this king was to avenge the abbot from her people. This greatly relates to Grendel’s mother in the sense that she became a warrior as well as someone who seeks revenge.
Beowulf is an epic tale written over twelve hundred years ago. In the poem, several different female characters are introduced, and each woman possesses detailed and unique characteristics. The women in Beowulf are portrayed as strong individuals, each of whom has a specific role within the poem. Some women are cast as the cup-bearers and gracious hostesses of the mead halls, such as Wealhtheow and Hygd, while others, Grendel's mother, fulfill the role of a monstrous uninvited guest. The woman's role of the time period, author's attitude, and societal expectations for women are evidenced throughout the poem.
The presence of a bull prompts a shift in Grendel’s purpose in life from remaining obedient to his mother as a young child to being the creator of the world as he transitions into adulthood. As a young monster, Grendel motive’s coincide with his mother since she is the only person who Grendel is able to communicate with. He feels “Of all the creatures I knew, only my mother really looked at me...We were one thing, like the wall and the rock growing out from it… ‘Please, Mama!’ I sobbed as if heartbroken” (Gardner 17-19). His emotions demonstrate that as a child, he doesn’t consider himself as an individual but rather as embodying the same identity as his mother, which is further emphasized by the use of the simile. Additionally, Grendel’s use
Another instance that Beowulf proves himself to have monstrous qualities is through the shoes of Grendel’s Mother according to Monster Theory. When Grendel’s Mother came to Heorot to avenge her son’s death she crossed territory that was not in her domain. In response, Beowulf killed her. In Thesis V: The Monster Polices the Borders of the Possible, Beowulf was a symbol of limitations of how Grendel’s Mother could act while grieving for the loss of her son.
The middle English poem Beowulf also defines the important ways in which the feminist heroine is part of an ancient poetic tradition in the depiction of empowered women in patriarchal society. For instance, the plot of the story revolves around Beowulf’s indoctrination into the court of King Hrothgar, since he has been chosen to destroy to the monster Grendel. However, an unusual break with patriarchal tradition finds Wealhtheow, the wife of King Hrothgar, passing the mead cup to Beowulf as part of this indoctrination. In this ceremony, the tradition of the king passing the mead cup has been disavowed due to the power of the Wealhtheow in the royal court: “Wealhtheow came in,/ Hrothgar’s queen, observing the courtesies./ Adorned in gold, she
Grendel's mother, unknown to the Danes or Geats, is plotting to avenge the death of her son. After the celebrations are over in Heorot and everybody is asleep, Grendel's mother appears out of her dwelling place, the swamp.
Immediately, the syntactical choices have changed, and now more intense words are utilized to describe what is occurring in the epic poem. Once Beowulf has made his way to the bottom of the ocean, Grendel’s mother wastes no time in attempting to catch him in her “brutal grip” with her “savage talons” (105). The “wolfish swimmer” carries the hero to her “court”, while a “bewildering horde came at him from the depths” (105). The words used to describe what is occurring display each event in detail, and allow the author to achieve the idea that Grendel’s mother is a savage beast. Additionally, she is said to live
As the battle began Beowulf was dripping with sweat, he knew he had a difficult task ahead but he was ready for what ever happened. Grendel’s mother and Beowulf stood for a moment and looked to each other’s eyes and imagined the battle that was ahead of them. She swung her sword at his waist but he quickly moved out of the path. He swung his sword aiming for her neck, but she was quick and blocked the swing. Beowulf swung again and again nervously trying to kill the beast. Beowulf slowly became mad with himself for taking so long to slay her, so he began to try even harder. His heart was pounding and the sweat was dripping from the tips of his hair down to his face. He swung the sword with perfect precision and hit Grendel’s mother in her throat. Nothing had happened, she was not injured. This greatly confused Beowulf as he began to swing as hard as he could and stab her with every chance he had. Still he was not injuring her at all. Beowulf had discovered that his man made weapons were of no match for Grendel’s witchy mother.