Thermal Physics – 340 Exam #1
Due Monday, February 18th, at the start of class
As discussed in class, submission of your solutions to this exam will indicate that you have not communicated with others concerning this exam. You may use reference texts and other information at your disposal. Do all problems separately on clean white standard 8.5” X 11” photocopier paper (no notebook paper or scratch paper). Write on only one side of the paper (I don’t do double sided). Staple the entire solution set in the upper left hand corner (no binders or clips). Don’t turn in pages where you have scratched out or erased excessively, re-write the pages cleanly and neatly. All problems are equally weighted. Assume we are working with “normal” pressures and temperatures with ideal gases unless noted otherwise. Make sure you list all assumptions that you use (symmetry, isotropy, binomial expansion, etc.).
1. A container has one wall which contains many small holes, and outside the container is vacuum. If the container is filled with He at pressure Po, it is found that after one hour the pressure inside the container is Po/2. The container is now filled with an equal number of He and Ne atoms to a total pressure of Po. (a). Calculate the ratio of the number of Ne to He atoms left in the container after one hour. (b). Would this problem be more difficult if the atoms were initially C and H? Explain from two standpoints, the realistic standpoint and the physics-land standpoint. The latter explanation should invoke the assumptions made in the ideal gas model, the former something you know about chemistry. (c). Explain why such a container might be useful in the case of isotopes, especially a series of such containers set up so that what comes out of the first goes into the second and so on.
2. A He and H atom collide elastically in a head-on collision. (a). If they have the same kinetic energy (KE) to begin with, which one gains KE? Answer this by calculating the amount gained and lost for both, relative to their initial value. (b). Suppose the atoms had the same mass but different kinetic energies? Do not do a detailed calculation here, but instead make a physical argument as to why the “slower” thus “cooler” atoms would slow down the faster, hotter atoms. This is one process for the moderation of hot neutrons in a nuclear fission reactor by the water used as its coolant.
A change in the pressure of a system will only have an effect if the system is made up of gases. If the pressure of a system of gases were to increase, there will be a...
When she learns Macbeth has been given a fortune of been given thane of cawdor then king and half the prophecy has become true, she knows if Macbeth is king she will be queen. She is willing to do anything to get it. On the night that Macbeth and lady macbeth have planned to kill Duncan. Macbeth is having second thoughts but Lady Macbeth is not letting him back down by saying he is a coward and she would do it if she was in his place by saying ”When you durst do it, then you are a man. And to be more than what you were you would be so much more than a man”. Macbeth is a hearty warrior and feels as though he has to prove to Lady Macbeth he is a man and he is not a coward. Therefore due to Lady Macbeths manipulation Macbeth murders Duncan. On Macbeths return Lady Macbeth is happy but Macbeth is Filled with regret Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth to forget what happened “ A little water clears us of this deed”. Which is Ironique as At the end of the play Lady Macbeth has been in the anxiety and it has finally eaten away at her and she has gone mad and keeps seeing blood on her hands. “Out damned spot out, I say !” which in turn leads to her own suicide and portrays Lady Macbeth as taking her fate into her own hands in an evil manner, However the guilt from doing the evil task highlighted Lady Macbeth was not as manly as she wanted to be and she still had feelings, showing the audience by her suicide as an act showing she was unable to withstand the guilt of being queen knowing the great evil she had to do to get
Investigating Heat Loss From a Container Planning We are investigating heat loss from a container and how it is affected. We could change: Room temperature Surface area Amount of water Use a lid Insulate around it Colour of tin We could measure / observe: Amount of time Temperature We will change: Surface area We will measure / observe: Temperature (every minute for 5 minutes) Our question is: Does surface area effect the rate of heat loss? We will keep these the same: Colour of tin Room temperature Amount of water Use a lid Insulate around it Preliminary investigation = == ==
Use Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures to calculate the pressure with respect to only the carbon dioxide. Record the carbon dioxide pressure.
After a long and hard battle, the Sergeant says to King Duncan, “For brave Macbeth,-well he deserves that name,- disdaining fortune, with his brandish’d steel, which smok’d with bloody execution , like valour’s minion carv’d out his passage till he fac’d the slave;” (1.2.16) . This quote shows that Macbeth is viewed as a valiant soldier and a capable leader. However, it does not take long for the real Macbeth to be revealed- a blindly ambitious man, easily manipulated by the prospect of a higher status. His quest for power is what drives his insanity, and after having been deemed the Thane of Cawdor, Macbeth’s ambition can immediately be seen. In a soliloquy, Macbeth says, “Present fears are less than horrible imaginings; my thought, whose murder yet is but fantastica, shakes so my single state of man that function is smother’d in surmise, and nothing is but what is not” (1.3.140). Macbeth has just gained more power, and his immediate thought is of how to gain an even higher status as king. He imagines how to kill Duncan, and then is troubled by his thoughts, telling himself it is wrong. This inner struggle between Macbeth’s ambition and his hesitation to kill Duncan is the first sure sign of his mental deterioration. Although Macbeth does kill Duncan, he questions whether or not he should to do so, which is far different from how Macbeth feels about murder later in the play. Macbeth becomes king, and this power leads
The guards are to “blame” for the murder of the King because they were letting Lady Macbeth get them drunk at her husband’s party. They should have been watching out for the King and protecting him from dangers or anyone or anything that can harm him. Lady Macbeth remarks, “the surfeited grooms/Do mock their charge with snores” (II, ii, 5-6). Lady Macbeth is saying that she got the guards so drunk that they fell asleep and abandoned their duty of protecting the king. Although the guards got drunk they kill Duncan so they are not truly “responsible” for his death because they did not commit the dead they were just enjoying the party. If anything Duncan is more responsible for his own death than the
Some collisions are successful and give a product while others don't. because particles don't have enough energy. Activation energy - The amount of energy needed for the reaction to be. started. I am a naysayer.
Lady Macbeth is a vicious and overly ambitious woman, her desire of having something over rules all the moral behaviors that one should follow. On the beginning of the novel, Macbeth receives the news that if Duncan, the current king, passed away he would be the next one to the throne. So, Lady Macbeth induces Macbeth into killing Duncan by filling his mind with ambition and planting cruel seeds into his head. After accomplishing his deed of killing the king, he brings out the daggers that were used during the murder, and says, “I’ll go no more. I am afraid to think what I have done; look on’t again I dare not.” This is his first crime and Macbeth is already filled with guilt and regret. He shows the reader to be the weak one of the duo. Lady Macbeth as the cruel partner still has some sentiment and somewhat a weakness in her heart and mind. When talking about Duncan she says, “Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done’t.” Weakness is still present and will always be there throughout the novel but this one change the fact that Lady Macbeth is still the stronger and cruel one.
The traits of a gas in its ideal form are governed by the relationship: PV = n RT (Guch, 2003). A change in either of the values in the relationship results in a change to the other variable of the gas. Assessing the behavior of gases via manipulation of the characteristics is done by holding the factors constant (Zumdahl, 1998). Where the number of gas moles, molar gas constant, and volume of the gas remain constant, a change in the temperature of the gas results to a change in the pressure as well. The ideal relationship between the gas factors is quite complex to be evaluated since it involves holding three of the five factors constant while two factors are assessed. Different gas laws derived from the ideal gas law can be evaluated individually since control can be easier conducted in l...
Independent variables: The temperature of hcl gas will be decreased and increased throughout the experiment.
Thermodynamics is the branch of science concerned with the nature of heat and its conversion to any form of energy. In thermodynamics, both the thermodynamic system and its environment are considered. A thermodynamic system, in general, is defined by its volume, pressure, temperature, and chemical make-up. In general, the environment will contain heat sources with unlimited heat capacity allowing it to give and receive heat without changing its temperature. Whenever the conditions change, the thermodynamic system will respond by changing its state; the temperature, volume, pressure, or chemical make-up will adjust accordingly in order to reach its original state of equilibrium. There are three laws of thermodynamics in which the changing system can follow in order to return to equilibrium.
Macbeth is a brave man who is not naturally inclined to perform evil deeds, yet he desperately wants and desires power and succession. At the end, he is not happy with what he has accomplished, "I am afraid to think what I have done; look on `t again I dare not" (Shakespeare Macbeth 2.2.51-52). He kills Duncan against his own logical judgement and later drowns in paranoia and guilt. Macbeth is led to wicked thoughts by the prophecies of the three witches, especially after the witches' prophecy that he will be made Thane of Cawdor comes true. Macbeth is a powerful man and...
Reactions occur when the particles of reactants collide together continuously. If they collide with sufficient energy, then they will react. The minimum amount of kinetic energy required for particles at the time of collision is called the activation energy and this theory is known as the ?collision theory?.