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An introduction to Career Development
An introduction to Career Development
Introduction and background of career development
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Career development Theories A theory is a way organizing and systematizing what is known about a phenomenon. It is, in fact, “a rationalized set of assumptions or hypotheses that provides a person with tools that can be utilized to explain the past and predict the future” (Johnson, 2000). Therefore, theories provide direction and when tested and supported, can assist in expanding our knowledge. Career development is the process of integrating the extraneous situation consisting of social structures of family, education and works with the self and the self- efficacy and brings about changes in one’s personal, social and vocational situation. Career development is not just a decision to enter a particular line of work; it reveals a person accumulated …show more content…
They also concern with career adjustments people make over time. The career development theories are of great value for teacher and counsellor because they need to seek constantly for insight into the reasons that stimulate students to make certain career choices. Only by doing so, they will be able to understand and help them. Researches have been conducted in an attempt to develop systematic theory of career development so that the students can get proper guidance. According to Johnson (2000), Career development theories can be grouped into two categories: Structural and Developmental. 1.2.1 Structural theories Structural theories try to describe characteristics of both the person and the work place. A systematic examination of these characteristics is undertaken to help individual’s “match” their characteristics to the most suitable environment. The following structural theories are discussed briefly: Trait-and-Factor …show more content…
According to Holland (1985), the choice of a career is an extension of one’s personality into the world of work. Individuals choose careers that satisfy their preferred personal orientations. Holland developed six modal personal styles and six matching work envi¬ronments: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enter¬prising, and conventional. A person is attracted to the particular role demand of an occupational environ-ment that meets his or her needs. For example, some¬one who is socially oriented would seek out a work environment that provides interactions with others, such as nursing in a hospital setting. Holland and his colleagues have developed a number of instruments (e.g., the Self-Directed Search) designed to assist in identifying individual personality traits and matching those traits to occupational groups. Holland’s theory assesses each individual in terms of two or three most prominent personality types and matching each type with the environmental aspects of potential careers. It is predicted that the better the match, the better the congruence, satisfaction, and persistence (Holland, 1985). Holland also elaborated five secondary assumptions which he calls key concepts that describe the theory. These assumptions
According to Maree and Beck, traditional career counseling involves a heavy emphasis on psychometric tests, work sheets and computer programs were utilized to form an objective image of the individual. As a result the assessment drives a “image” that is usually matched with the character and traits suited to a logically matched specific career. If the values, interests and abilities of the individual were considered congruent with the requirements of a specific career, the assumption was made that the individual would find that career stable, productive and satisfying. The 'matching', 'objective' image was accepted as generally seen as concrete, real, and true. However, the traditional method deprives an individual of the opportunity explore their interests because the heavy testing emphasis generally created a label for a cl...
There are many definitions to theory. According to Akers (2009) “theories are tentative answers to the commonly asked questions about events and behavior” (Akers, (2009, p. 1). Theory is a set of interconnect statements that explain how two or more things are related in two casual fashions, based upon a confirmed hypotheses and established multiple times by disconnected groups of researchers.
...s philosophically and clinically congruent for career counselors as a modality to promote career enrichment and vocational well being. Although the present consideration to make bridge between the two counseling modes is an inductive attempt, it has presented some interesting thoughts in search for more effective and efficient career counseling approaches (2006, p. 2003). As well the specific techniques of solution focused counseling, such as the use of; compliments, goal driven futures, scaling perspectives, and statements normalization and reconstruction only further the career counseling process by giving the client real and tangible forum to help and improve their lives.
I will discuss the National Career Development Guidelines and will address each section of the guidelines in terms of its importance in career counseling. As well, I will critique an activity that is used in elementary school setting against the guidelines to compare if the activity meets the standards.
Analyzing career theory is an important task, not only as an individual but also on a large scale. If everyone has the career they are best at and enjoy above all others, the world would be a much happier place. Imagine a world where each individual viewed work as not something they have to do, but as something they want to do. Productivity would increase at all levels. Charitable foundations and businesses would be abundant. Whereas this ideal may not be fathomable at this point, if each person used this information, it would be only a matter of time before we are moving in that harmonious direction.
Career management plays important role in career development. Career management is done with involved taking some necessary steps to reach the career plan and commonly more focusing on the ability of the organization able to do for their employee to increase their career development (Werner & DeSimone, 2009). Career plan is usually able to be performed, at least in some apart, through the training program which implemented by the organization. Career management process contained four steps which are self-assessment, reality check, goal setting and action planning (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
There are many definitions to theory. According to Akers, “theories are tentative answers to the commonly asked questions about events and behavior.” Theory is a set of interconnected statements that explain how two or more things are related, based upon a confirmed hypotheses and established multiple times by disconnected groups of researchers.
Social cognitive career theory (SCCT) is a relatively new theory that is aimed at explaining three unified aspects of career development: 1. how basic academic and career interests develop, 2. how educational and career choices are made, and 3. how academic and career success is obtained. The theory incorporates a variety of concepts that appear in earlier career theories and have been found to affect career development (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 2000).
One of the big facets of Holland’s theory is that individuals who’s personality patterns and work environment are congruent will have a better career outlook and success. As well, individuals who’s work and personality types that are different may not have such a harmonious career experience. Additionally, individuals who’s personality patterns, their multiple personality factors, that are similar will have consistency and may be easier searc...
Sharf, R.S. Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling. 2d ed. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole, 1997.
The national career development association (2003) defines career development as the absolute combination of psychological, Sociological, educational and economic factors which influence the significant of work in the total life span of any individual. It is a route through which individuals choose a career path or professional occupation, continue to develop it through their lives and have several major career change as personal needs and interests change.
Social cognitive career theory (SCCT) emphasizes cognitive-person variables that enable people to influence their own career development, as well as extra-person, contextual variables, which enhance or constrain personal agency (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994). SCCT attempts to understand the processes through which people form interests, make choices, and achieve varying levels of success in educational and occupational pursuits (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 2000). Cognitive-person variables include qualities such as self-efficacy and personal goals that enable people to exercise personal control or agency in their own career development; while environmental variables consider a person’s physical attributes, features of their environment, and particular learning experiences which have influence on career-related interests and choice behaviors. Environmental variables can be further divided into two basic categories according to their relative proximity to the career choice-making process. Distal factors are those which have had an impact on the learning experiences through which expectations have developed, for instance the type of career role models to which one is exposed and the support or encouragement one receives for engaging in
Career development is a continuous process of handling proactively work and changes in life in order to move forward and reach the goals set for a better future. It involves learning new skills, moving up in the position within the organization or altogether moving to new organization or even starting up a new business. A career development plan is created to set goals and how to reach these goals using your talents and skills in the working world. A five year plan is ideal to start with, as five years are enough to reach bigger goals while working for and achieving smaller goals.
The exact definition of theory is a system of ideas intended to explain something. When focusing on Natural sciences, theory is defined as a set of principles that predict and explain a phenomena. When focusing on Human sciences the key words are to study and interpret social phenomena within a thought. The most important key words that one has to keep in mind are interpret, predict and explain. Acknowledging this, theories come in different category’s such as: Descriptive theories, theories predicting a phenomena and theories that explain a phenomena.
It may be felt by clients that the primary objectives and responsibilities of vocational counsellors and a trained career counsellor are similar but in fact they are essentially different. Social context of clients in their career switches or consideration for a certain career path is one key area of assessment. However, it might comes off as an area unconcerned by vocational counsellors. The tag line is career counseling does sensations in both characteristics and life of an individual bringing out underlying drive’s on an individual to a higher heights. Hence, career counselling conducted by trained career counsellors definitely yield more benefits making it a value-add service.