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An essay about self - concept formation
Child psychology and developement research paper
Self concept and self awareness
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Child psychology is a science that gives parents a set of guidelines to which they can refer too if they are experiencing difficulties in raising their child. When a child is ten years old, social development and self-concept are two domains of development that mold a child into an adult. Robert Kail was a researcher who developed these four themes in child development. Two out of those four themes can relate to the two domains of social development and self-concept. A child’s social skills begin to develop within months of when they are born. The domain of social development fits in well with Kail’s theme of “Children influence their own development.” Children at the age of ten years old have developed enough social skills for them to interact …show more content…
A ten year olds perception of themselves changes, as they get older. Their thinking process changes and certain traits become more important than others. As they get older, their self-concept doesn’t change but it just builds on to what they thought before as they learn more about themselves. Self-concept coincides with development. A child’s self-concept when they are young is the same, as they get older, but the only difference is that when they get older it becomes more complex. Making this a domain that is similar in early and later development with some …show more content…
They know how they feel about themselves. Their emotions have been developed so their way of describing themselves is accurate. The domain of self-concept during late teen years relates to Kail’s theme of “Children influence their own development” and “ Early development is related to later development, but not perfectly.” Self-concept is an idea that one develops within them. This idea is formed by social interactions and experiences. Parents cannot make a child’s self-concept. When a child is in their late teens their self-concept is already developed but one can conclude that they have made that self-concept by themselves and that there are certain aspects of why a child thinks that way because of some
During middle and late childhood, the self continues to develop, and the certain emotional changes take place during this stage. Children begin to describe themselves in psychological characteristics and traits, unlike the more concrete self-descriptions used by younger children. Additionally, the start to distinguish themselves from others in comparative terms rather than absolute terms. Therefore, improving self-esteem is important to understand, due to the changes happening with the self.
Biological influences combined with societal and social expectations contribute to how well people learn to adapt to their environments (2013). According to Erikson, there are eight stages of development. Within these states, there are different psychological, emotional and cognitive tasks. In order to adjust, individuals must learn to develop these tasks. During adolescence, Erikson states that each person needs to navigate through the development task of ‘‘Identity vs. Identity confusion ’’ (2013). He defined this task by stating that adolescent children must learn to develop a sense of self and establish independence. Prior to this stage of development, a person’s parents largely influence their identity. In this stage the adolescent children begin to explore and develop their identity outside of their parents’ influence (Hill, Bromell, Tyson, & Flint, 2007). Adolescents are generally more egocentric at this stage and have an increased sense of self-consciousness. They also have a strong desire to conform to peer influence and develop concerns regarding their appearance. They develop concern about their level of competence in relation to their peer group as well. As peer influence increases, during this stage, parental influence decreases (Ashford & LeCroy, 2013; Hill et. al, 2007). Conflict generally increases between parent and child at this stage of development (2007).
Theories abound around how people develop emotionally, intellectually, socially and spiritually. This essay will examine the theories of five leaders on the subject of development.
The biological theory refers to the focus of genetic factors that assist the child in adjusting to their environment. The theory highlights the importance of maturation of children’s bodies and their motor skills. The restriction of the biological theory however, is that it discounts the impact of children’s experiences. Behaviorism theory concentrates on children’s behavioral and emotional responses to changes in the environment. The argument against behaviorism is that it focuses on children’s visible behavior and ignores their thought process. The social learning theory interprets children’s beliefs and goals as affecting their behavior by what they learn when they observe others. In the psychodynamic theory, emphasis is on the interaction between internal conflict, early childhood experiences and the environment. Theorists focus on the personality development and how these early experiences play a role later in life. In cognitive-development theories, the concentration is on how the thinking process changes over time. Although it promotes adults to recognize children as curious minds trying to make sense of their environment, the theories lack clear stages that a child’s thought process goes through. Cognitive process theories similarly, also focus on thought process but more so on how people decipher information they see and hear. Sociocultural theories emphasize the affect of social
...l capacities including vision and hearing. Biosocial development is uneven, but occurs rather rapidly. The cognitive domain is knowledge or mind based. It has three practical instructional levels including fact, understanding, and application. The psychosocial domain involves emotions, personality characteristics, and relationships with other people, as well as cultural influences. Children begin to explore everything, exhibit a stronger sense of self, and expand their range of self-help skills. They become more independent and more individualized. They become more interested in other children and interact with other peer groups. Toddlers learn best by play, interaction, and emotion. If I was to continue to support this child during development I would apply all of this aspect to their learning. A child learns best by experience and experimentation.
Adolescence is a time of great change for a child. It is a time where they begin to explore who they are as individuals and develop their own identities as they get closer into adulthood. Erik Erikson theorized that in adolescence “the main task is developing an identity” and that a healthy identity is developed when they try on alternate identities and reflect on these experiences (Pressley & McCormick, 2007,p.147). Michael Nakkula says “identity is not the culmination of a key event or series of events, although key events can play an important role in the larger process. It is rather, the lived experience of an ongoing process-the process of integrating successes, failures, routines, habits, rituals, novelties, thrills, threats, violations, gratifications, and frustrations into a coherent and evolving interpretation of who we are. Identity is the embodiment of self-understanding” (Nakkula, 2008, p.11). The experiences that adolescents go through daily and over time influences the identity they eventually form. Adolescence is a time when children start to reflect on what they are good at, their relationships with family and friends, questions about sexual orientation and even religion. There are six domains that affect an adolescent’s development which are personal, social, familial, moral, and intellectual. I will be focusing on the social, intellectual and physical domains.
Child development theories focus on explaining how children change and grow throughout childhood. These Theories focus on various aspects of child development including social, emotional and cognitive growth. We all have our own development experiences that may be different than others. Some well known child development theories are Freud's Psychosexual Developmental Theory, Erikson's Psychosocial Developmental Theory, and Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory.
A child is considered an infant from the age of 2 to 12 months. From 12 months to 36 months this is considered the toddler years where the cognitive, emotional, and social development is great. The social emotional development occurs during early childhood where children experience different moods as well as expanding their social world by learning more about their emotions and other people. The social emotional development is a child's way of understanding the feelings of others, controlling their own feelings and behaviors and getting along with peers. The key to a successful emotional and social development are positive relationship with trusting and caring adults. The social and emotional development in infants and toddlers can have negative
Self concept is not inherent. It is shaped and reshaped by the people around us, the people who influence us directly or indirectly. Self concept of a child depends upon the description provided to him by these people e.g. parents, teachers, peers etc. it may be correct or incorrect as it is formed by the people, how they see the child e.g. if the family members tell the child constantly that he / she is lazy, the child starts to see himself/ herself as lazy. However due to the subjective opinion of family members it may not be correct
involved in his playing in the ball pit. I will watch Jack to see if
Knowledge of developmental science helps clinicians distinguish normal developmental perturbations from real deviations in development to intervene wisely (Broderick & Blewitt, 2015). During middle childhood and adolescent’s development children go through several stages that are necessary for development; such as physical growth, cognitive stage, moral development, self-concept, psychological, emotional trait, relationship and other adults and peer relationships. Proper development of identity and self-concept is directly impacted by social, biological, and cultural factors.
According to Elkind (cited in Walker, 2005) “Today’s child has become the unwilling, unintended victim of overwhelming stress – the stress borne of rapid, bewildering social change and constantly rising expectations”. This rapidness has given birth to hurried childhood. Childhood was once considered a time of stress free period. But this view has considerably been changed now. Children are expected to behave like adults today. Whether they are at home or at the school, they are expected to behave like adults. “Even the parents, who brought in traditional way, are also imposing adult standards on children” (McDonnell, 2002). However, the child developmental theories of Piaget, Erikson and Gesell found that the children learn through different ages and stages of life. Gesell (as cited in Docs, 2002) believes that growth and development occur in orderly stages and sequence. However, Piaget and Erikson (as cited in Docs, 2002) found that personality develops in stages throughout a life and child is an active learner
The first stage is the sensorimotor stage where children develop sensory skills such as seeing, listening and touching (Piaget, 1964). For the preoperational stage, kids form the capability to use symbols that help them experience things with no direct contact. A key similarity among all Cooley, Mead, and Piaget is the role of language as a significant symbol in developing self. Language acts as a channel for socializations enabling the development of one’s self-concept. In the third stage, humans can understand reasoning such as causation, size, numbers, and speed (Piaget, 1964). The final stage involves the development of abstract thinking to solve theoretical problems. Piaget makes concrete points, but these stages are controversial since they do not illustrate how socialization and development of self are connected. Moreover, not all humans can make it up to the fourth stage to develop self-concept because of social experiences or biological conditions. For instance, some teens face difficult challenges due to increased social experiences such as bullying that can lead them to develop psychological issues or mental illnesses lacking the ability for abstract skills (Wylie, 1974). People also draw their cognitive skills based on their cultural background, meaning they undergo different experiences; thus the stages may not apply to
As I personally take the time to have a reflection over the course of “Child and Adolescent Development” I find myself intrigued with the amount of knowledge I gained during this course this semester. I wanted to take the time to concentrate on three specific areas in which I felt I had the most growth, but also came as a challenge to me as well. It is important when reflecting over a course that I look at what I found to be challenging, as this was an opportunity of growth for me individually. In this paper I will review some of the main topics that I found to be interesting but also resourceful for my future aspiration not only as a family life educator but also a mother one day.
Children begin forming an identity from an early age. At first they label themselves with observable characteristics, such as boy or girl, short or tall (Oswalt n.d.). In middle childhood, a child's sense of identity grows and they incorporate a wider range of references. Issues of self esteem are more likely to rise at this stage as children measure themselves against the ideal self (Alpay n.d.). Erikson's