Introduction
1.1 Assessment of nutritional status Anthropometric measurements can be considered the most commonly used methods of nutritional status, at both the individual and population levels. The measurements should characterize the composition of the human body at different degrees of nutrition under the standardized procedures and appropriate reference data. (Gibson, 2005; Willet, 1998; WHO, 1995; WHO 2000; WHO 2006). The measures of body elements assessed at individual level can be commonly used to represent individual's nutritional status directly. Furthermore, may help to distinguish between fat and fat free mass and can provide broaden information about, for example, protein store.
Additionally, in many field situations, nutritional indices can be used to classify individuals at risk
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(WHO 2000; Gibson, 2005)
1.3 Advantages and limitations of anthropometric measurements Different methods have both advantages, as well as limitations. Furthermore, they might provide sources of measurement error. (Ulijaszek, 1999; Willet, 1998; Gibson, 2005)
In regards to the anthropometric measurements strengths, the common measurements can be considered as non-invasive, inexpensive, and suitable methods for evaluating the nutritional status in population studies. However, many anthropometric techniques are dispose to errors that could reduces their precision and influence on their accuracy. (Sicotte et al, 2010; WHO, 2000)
1.4 Aim of the study The aim of this study report was to interpret and appraise information related to nutritional status from measures including height, weight, waist circumference, ulna length and mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) assessed during a
In order to begin this lab procedure, the class was first split into lab groups of four. A meter measuring tape was then obtained from the lab materials. One member of the lab group sat on the edge of the table and the other members took turns measuring the circumference in centimeters at the widest part of the calf. The measure was taken by each lab member and recorded in a table. This step was repeated for each lab member. After obtaining the circumference of each group members’ calf, a caliper was used to take the skin-fold thickness on the inside of the lab member’s calf and this measurement was also recorded in a table. Again, this step was repeated for each lab member. The average of the leg circumference and of the caliper measurement was then averaged and recorded in the table. Then the adjusted mean was found by subtracting the average found for the caliper measurements from the average of leg circumference. Data for each lab group was then recorded on the board in separate tables for male and female measurements. This data was...
You will be evaluated on completeness, thoroughness, and accuracy. The goal of this project is for you to accurately determine and professionally interpret the results as if you were doing so for a patient. Assume that the person you are answering these questions for has never heard of body composition or what it means. Answers must be complete.
Obesity is a global problem (Tremolieres 1973; WHO 2000) (6). It increases numerous health risks including coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke (WHO 2000) (7) and is a major risk factor for musculoskeletal pain (Nantel, Mathieu and Prince, 2011) (8) and osteoarthritis of weight bearing joints (WHO 2000; Felson et al, 2000) (9). Obesity rates are growing high every year and in the last 15 years twofold increase is recorded (10). Obesity is categorised on body mass index (BMI). Body mass index is used to measure obesity and is calculated by dividing a person’s weight (in kilograms) by the square of their height (in metres). Overweight is taken as BMI of 25 to 29.9kg/m2 and BMI...
The role of dietary factors in the etiology of several cancers has been extensively investigated over the last few years including colorectal cancer (Bazensky I, Shoobridge-Moran C, Yoder LH, 2007). Cohort as well as case-control studies have been designed; they include a progressively larger number of subjects and are based on increasingly more detailed information (Manjinder S. Sandhu, Ian R. White, and Klim McPherson, 2001). However, considerations must be made when selecting appropriate dietary assessment methods for these studies. Accurate estimates of habitual dietary intake remain a challenge in the study of diet-disease relationships (Jackson et. Al, 2011). This is because dietary assessments could be affected by a number of factors such as motivation to complete assessments and reporting bias associated with unstructured eating patterns, concerns with body image and weight status (Livingstone MB et. al, 2009). Besides these, the study design, outcomes of interest , and available resources need to be taken into consideration when selecting an appropriate dietary assessment tool for a particular study (Jyh Eiin Wong et. al, 2012).
Although the scientific use of anthropometrics in not abused in modern day society, scientists still incorrectly draw conclusions from data and statistics. Many statically fallacies occur where scientists will try and bend the statistics to prove their own personal opinion. For example, a scientist may deem his new invention or product to be 100% successful, but it could have only been tested 5 times. Even though the abuse of anthropometrics has been abandoned, scientific data abuse is still apparent in modern day
The first component of the MUST involves measuring the patient’s height and weight to establish their Body Mass Index (BMI). BMI is the’ relationship b...
To begin, the principal method of measurement of the human body fat is the body-mass index (BMI) which is related to the weight and height values to obtain an average (Renneboog, 2014, para.6). The author still states that “these arbitrary designations do not take into account individual characteristics such as body shape or natural muscularity, nor do they apply to children or seniors” (Renneboog, 2014, para.6). However, BMI not always is accurate and presents some limitations in measurement of body fat, sometimes classifying people as obese when in fact they are not. Since BMI is not 100% trustable it is acceptable that “this is one factor which requires more attention in the use of the term “overweight” and “obese”” (Eaton & Clydesdale, 2014, para.10). Accordingly to Eaton & Clydesdale, 2014, “BMI has been used in numerous medical studies, but even the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States realizes its limitations to directly measure body fat or muscle”. Finally, “it is accepted that the most accurate way to measure body fat is to weigh a person underwater or in a chamber that displaces air” (Eaton & Clydesdale, 2014, para.3). According to this same author, “there is another accurate test to measure human body fat, which is called the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) test, uses X-rays to measure body fat” (Eaton & Clydesdale, 2014, para.3). The author
These last two years, however, I started to gain weight and have become concerned with my diet. Changing my poor eating habits has been difficult for me, however, having this assignment has taught me that it is not as difficult as I previously imagined. Nutrition experts in the United States and Canada have a list of standards with four list values. These list values are called the Dietary Reference Intakes. The DRI committee sets these values for vitamins, minerals, calories, and nutrients.
Nutrition assessments include clinical and dietary assessment, anthropometrics, as well as biochemical, laboratory immunologic and functional indices of nutritional status (Gibney, 2005). In epidemiological studies, different dietary investigation tools were designed to assess the nutritional status in individuals and populations, nutrition monitoring and surveillance and diet-disease research (Friedenreich, et al., 1992, Taren, 2002).
In this research, I will focus on nutrition, in retrospect to growth and development in infants, preschoolers, school children and adolescents.
Body weight refers to total weight while body composition is a subcomponent of body weight, measuring the amounts of fat, muscle, bone, and water found in the body. Some methods used for measuring the total weight of an individual include height-weight tables and BMI (body mass index). Height-weight charts provide estimated ranges that are associated with the longest life expectancies (McGuire & Beerman, 2013). On the other hand, BMI depends on the ratio of weight to height in an individual. BMI gives a more accurate measurement of body weight than height-weight charts, and can indicate the risk for developing health problems. However, it has does not account for the composition of weight such as fat, lean mass, bone density, and water (Esmat, 2016). Methods for measuring body composition include: hydrostatic weighing, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance, and skinfold thickness. The most affordable method of assessing body composition would be skinfold thickness, which involves the
A simple formula may be used which gives a correlation to the 95th percentile of BP for the 50th percentile for height up to 16 years of age.[7]
There are different ways to determine your body composition and the risks that they involve. In this lab, body measurements are taken to find the body percent fat, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index (BMI), and basal metabolic rate (BMR). Skin folds for the chest, abdomen, and thigh were taken for males, and triceps, iliac crest, and thigh for females. Age, height, and weight for each person were recorded as well as the waist and hip circumference.
Human beings require sufficient food for sustainability and functionality. The problem of malnutrition and its effects on brain development, physical and intellectual functioning has tremendous implications. As a result, many children end up experiencing stunted growth and development. The impact of chronic malnutrition (stunting) on child cognitive, physical and mental development being irreversible and a long effect on health and child mortality is well documented in the Lancet Series 2008. Nutrition has been seen as crucial in the child’s physical, emotional and cognitive development and food has been acknowledged as it builds, protects and repairs the
Ruzita, A. T., Wan Azdie , M. B., & Ismail , M. N. (2007). The Effectiveness of Nutrition Education Programme for Primary School Children . MyAIS, 45-54.