The Cree was a Native American group that populated most of the eastern Subarctic. They are very similar to a group called the Ojibwa, who “occupied a comparatively restricted region near the St. Mary’s River and in the Upper Peninsula of the present state of Michigan; they moved west as the fur trade expanded, in response to pressure from tribes to their east and new opportunities to their west” (Britannica.com). “There are two major divisions of the Cree: the Plains Cree, those who had moved onto the Plains in the 1700’s, and the Woods (or Swampy) Cree, those who lived in the swampy muskeg forests of the Subarctic” (Sutton 91). The Cree were not one big group, they were made up of many smaller groups. These groups were relatively small and …show more content…
Unlike the Unangan from chapter three, the Western Woods Cree did not emphasize on passing down political power and their kids did not gain an inheritance when their parents would pass. Males in this society hunted, fished, trapped, fought, and made the equipment. The females in this society would be more domestic, but would also gather plants and hunt small game. The men would often mistreat and not respect the women in their groups, “dogs were sometimes treated better than women” (Sutton …show more content…
The houses in the summer were built out in the open so the wing would keep the bugs off the house. In the winter, the houses would be built in the forest so the wind would be kept away from the house to keep warm. Canoes would be built so they could travel and fish on the water. Snowshoes were made to keep feet warm so they could walk and travel in the snow in the winter. Toboggans were made to carry all of the supplies they had through the snow. These were often pulled by either women or dogs. The clothing was made so that in the winter they could have long sleeves and double-up on clothing, but in the summer they could turn the shirts into short sleeves. All clothing would be made out of animal skin. In the winter they would put the fur on the inside to keep them
In www.firstpeopleofcanada.com it states that the the Inuit lived in the Arctic, the Haida lived in Haida Gwaii and Iroquois lived in Manitoulin Island.
The Netsilik and the Chipewyan were both tribes that lived in really tough area with extreme low temperature and a lot of ice that doesn’t allow any kind of farming. These tribes rely on deer hunting a lot and the process of using the meat is handled by women. Any kind of sewing, cooking or preparation of the meat to be used is done by women, but even though women have a big role in the post hunting life in both of these communities, they have quite different roles. First, they approach kinship in two different ways. The Netsilik have a bilateral descent system, which is similar to what we have in the United States today, but not completely. Netsilik have personal kindreds which are blood relatives of a person on his or her generational level which we don’t have. The Chipewyan system is
Winona Wheeler’s essay, “Cree Intellectual Traditions in History” analyzes the oral history of First Nations Elders. She specifically questions the identities of the Elders telling their story and how they have attained the stories that they are telling. Wheeler’s thesis is that the Elders are not mere storages of knowledge, they are humans. And as the days go on, few of them remain which makes it even more relevant to take in what they have and pass it on to the newer generations.
One of the most important structures to the Native American tribes of Western New York is the longhouse. This structure built only of wood. These structures allowed for these people to stay warm throughout winters that could be as harsh as any we have seen. The masterly crafted houses provided warmth in the winter and in the summers allowed for the air to flow through and keep the house cool. Without these houses, the tribes of New York would not have survived.
The teepees were made out of logs that are covered with deer or buffalo hide. They kill and skin the animal and then let the hide dry , they then placed the logs in a cone shape and covered them with the animal hide. They also lived in structures called long houses which were made of wood. All of these houses together were called villages. They had to make their houses easy to put up and take down so they could so they could leave to avoid anything that might bring harm to them.
The Native American Ottawa tribe and culture of the tribe is eminently fascinating and beautiful. The Ottawa tribe has a great deal of history behind it. According to tolatsga.org, the Ottawa tribe first arrived on the east side of Lake Huron in 1400. The name “Ottawa” is originally spelled “Odawa” in their native language. The language that they speak is mostly English, but their native language is Ojibwa, which is related to Anishinaabe language. The tribe’s original homeland, according to bigorrin.org, is mostly in southern Ontario in Canada, which is where the name of “Ottawa” or “Odawa” came from, and Michigan. There are multiple Ottawa tribes, but there is one here in Manistee, Michigan, they are The Little River Band of Ottawa Indians. According to tolatsga.org, there are 2,750 Ottawa-Ojibwe members in Michigan, which is two-thirds ...
They would canoe in the rivers to obtain fish, and they would also eat other meats and also some plants as well. Cree people today are still hunting. There are approximately 200,000 Cree in Canada. Western Canada is taken up by mountains which limits space. The majority of the Cree people live along Alberta.
The original Huron settlement was located between Georgian Bay and Lake Simcoe in the southern part of Ontario (1). The tribe was discovered by the French in the year 1610 and the French described the group as the most prosperous native group they had discovered along the St. Lawrence River (1). As it turns out, The Huron actually called themselves Wendat, which means “Dwellers on a Peninsula” (12). The word Huron was given to the group by the French and because the word meant a boar or a hillbilly, the group was offended and did not adopt the name (12). Eventually the Huron were forced to sell their land by the US government in the 1800s. Today, the Huron have reserves in Kansas and Oklahoma as well as Quebec, Canada (Internet Research). Numerous connections could be made between the Huron and the topics we have talked about throughout the semester. The five connections that were talked about most in the book include: horticulture, religion and rituals, kinship and marriage practices, gender role ideol...
which was made out of small pieces of wood that had small rope attached to them, and to start
The history of the Cree Indians begins where they live for the most part in Canada, and some share reservations with other tribes in North Dakota. The Cree Indians, an Alogonquian tribe sometimes called Knisteneau, were essentially forest people, though an offshoot, the so-called Plains Cree, were buffalo hunters. The Cree’s first encounter with white people was in 1640, the French Jesuits. The Cree Indians later lost many of their tribe in the 1776 break out of small pox, battles with the Sioux, and a defeat to the Blackfeet in 1870. The Cree lived by hunting, fishing, trapping, and using muskrat as one of their staples. They made sacrifices to the sun; the Great Master of Life (Erdoes, Ortiz 504).
It can therefore be concluded from the analysis above that though there are many similar aspects between the two plains Indian cultures, there are also just as many unique differences between them. The differences are often subtle and hidden deep in their worldview. On the whole, both cultures seem to have a similar perception of gender, but the narratives and traditions that led to the existent perception is different. For e.g. Lakota creation story, if taken individually, seems to ostracize women, whereas the Cree creation story doesn’t. Other stories in Cree culture seems to exclude women as protagonists, whereas one of the most important stories for Lakota has a woman as their protagonist.
The Cree people have a rich and diverse history. Through methods of written and oral teachings, a greater understanding of the Cree people and their history has become apparent. In the following, I will highlight portions of Cree history to establish an understanding of such a rich culture. As a guide, I will use ideas highlighted in Jim Kanepetew’s (n.d) teachings of “The Ten Treaty Sticks”. Underlying concepts from “The Ten Treaty Sticks” have implications on both past and current practices of the Cree people. Since a large portion of the final exam is a chronological list of happenings, I will examine and extend the teachings of “The Ten Treaty Sticks” and how these align with teachings throughout the course. Using “The Ten Treaty Sticks” as a guide, I
The Shawnees were a patrilineal tribe meaning they are traced through the males of the family. Although men were a main part of the culture, each village had an informal group of women who governed certain tribal rituals and set dates for many activities. Women were also allowed to save captives and prisoners. This practice was foreign to the time period because women do not usually have a voice. Children are inferior and are required to learn the ways to be able to be an active part in the tribe when they become adults. After many years the Shawnees were more dependent on the outside, yet they still followed a lifestyle based on hunting and gathering.
The History of the Metis The Metis were partly french and partly indian. Their leader was called Louis riel. Following the Union of the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company in 1821, trading had been reorganized in order to reduce expenses. Since there was no longer competition in the fur trade, it was unnecessary to have two or more posts serving a single trading district.
MacDougall, Brenda. One of the Family: Metis Culture in Nineteenth-Century Northwestern Saskatchewan. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2010.