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Sigmund freud theory
Strengths and weaknesses of Sigmund Freud’s theory
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The Unconscious Mind of Mrs. Drover in Bowen’s The Demon Lover To some degree, literature is analogous to the human mind: both literature and the thought systems of human beings operate on multifarious levels. The human mind functions both consciously and unconsciously; while the conscious exists superficially, the unconscious governs most human actions. The superficial level of literature is gleaned by rendering a literal interpretation of the words on the pages. Yet, a piece of literature—like the human mind—also contains a recondite element that governs the actions contained within the work. Sigmund Freud suggested that “like the iceberg, the human mind is structured so that its great weight and density lie beneath the surface” (Guerin et al. 127). Similarly, the “great weight and density” of Elizabeth Bowen’s “The Demon Lover” also lies beneath the surface. While a literal interpretation reduces the work to a simple yet disturbing ghost story, trenchant analysis reveals the inward pilgrimage of the protagonist, Kathleen Drover. Although it is unclear whether or not Mrs. Drover’s return to her house in London is a physical journey, it is, with certitude, a psychological one. Mrs. Drover’s journey is one into her battle-scarred psyche, damaged by her failure to achieve a balance between two opposing forces—the Id and Superego. The terms id and superego, along with ego, comprise Freud’s tripartite model. The id is the portion of the psyche that generates “our instinctual physical, especially libidinal, desires. The id itself is often described as insatiable and pleasure seeking” and it does not consider the consequences or implications of its actions (Murfin and Ray 164). Conversely, the superego “operates according to morality principal and serves primarily to protect society and us from the id” (Bressler 151). The ego is the “rational governing agent of the psyche…the ego serves as intermediary between the world within and the world without” and it helps “keep us healthy human beings by maintaining a balance between these two opposing forces” (Guerin et al. 130-1). Externally, Mrs. Drover is described as a “prosaic” woman whose normal expression was that of “controlled worry, but of assent” (Bowen 661-2). She was a simple, ordinary woman—perhaps even a bit dull—whose movements were “circumscribed.” Internally, Mrs.
Paul wrote Ephesians when he was in prison in Rome. He was there because Jews attacked him after his third missionary journey, but he was the one that got arrested. The epistle was written to the church in Ephesus, to help them with their unity. Thychicus deliver...
Wallace, Daniel B. "Ephesians: Introduction, Argument, and Outline." Bible.org. N.p., 28 June 2004. Web. 17 Apr. 2014.
As one begins to read the letter to the Ephesians, he is intrigued not only by the many topics that the letter mentions, but also the fact that there are some major differences between this book and Paul’s other writings. The purpose of this essay is to explore the book of Ephesians by commenting on critical issues, such as date, authorship, and setting, major theological themes, the purpose of the letter, and to offer an outline of the book itself.
The author goes on to say that God has “made us alive together with Christ” (Ephesians 2:4-5). The author states that God’s mercy is a gift “not as a result of works, so that no one may boast” (Ephesians 2:8-9). The audience was previously “far off” but has since been “brought near by the blood of Christ” (Ephesians 2:13). The author talks about the “Law of commandments contained in ordinances” (Ephesians 2:15). He speaks of the audience now being a part of “God’s household, having been built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets” (Ephesians 2:19-20). In summary of Ephesians Chapter 2, the author speaks of the knowledge of what is right, God’s gift of mercy, the Law, and God’s foundation to build knowledge of Him and His Son through apostles and
The letter of Ephesians is the tenth book in the New Testament, its authorship is attributed to Paul after his conversion from a persecutor of Christians to apostle. The legitimacy of his authorship is still debated by scholars. Harold Hoehner in his book “Ephesians: An Exegetical Commentary,” lists a number of reasons why many scholars reject Paul as the author. But, for the purposes of this exegetical Paul is considered the author of the letter.
Freud, S., & Strachey, J. (19621960). The Ego and the Super-ego. The ego and the id (pp. 19-20). New York: Norton.
Civilizations throughout the years have manifested through the need for change and survival. Whether food, resources, or the need for travel was the inspiration, people relocated to meet their own needs. Societies were established based on the cultures they came from, acculturated with the indigenous people they came in contact with. We all have needs to survive and provide future generations with the ability to progress forward. As the world changes, we learn to adapt and generate new technology as a means to ensure the maintenance of the human race.
Many readers believe this piece of fiction to be a ghost story, but it is one that is about a woman with acute psychological delusion, portrayed through the use of characterization and occasion. Bowen begins her dramatization by defining the woman’s psychological delusion through the characterization of her anxiety and isolation. She establishes the woman’s anxiety in the beginning and closing of the third paragraph when she subtly narrates how, “she was anxious to see how the house was”(Bowen 160) and “she was anxious to keep an eye”(Bowen 160). To believe that it is impossible to imagine a letter, is someone who does not know the mind of a person plagued with psychological delusion.
Talbert, Charles H. Ephesians and Colossians. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007The New Interpreter's Bible: General Articles and Introduction, Commentary, and Reflections for Each Book of the Bible, Including the Apocryphal deuterocanonical Books. Vol. XI. Nashville: Abingdon Press, ©1994-2004.
Lewis, C.S. Colossians, Paul’s Epistle to the, The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, ed. Orr, James, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. Grand Rapids 1952
The ego struggle to keep the id happy. The ego meets with obstacles in the world. It occasionally with objects that actually assists it in attaining it goals. The ego keeps a record of the obstacles and aides. It also keeps a record of punishments and rewards administered out by the two must influential objects in the world of a child, its mom and dad. This record of things to avoid and strategies to take becomes the superego. As stated earlier the primary function of the id is to satisfy its immediate instincts, drive and urges it superego that links the mind to society and reality. As Freud (1960) states \"superego is however, not simply a residue of the earliest choices of the id; it also represents an energetic reaction formation against those choices\" (p.24).
Myra, who is dying of illness, escapes the confinement of her stuffy, dark apartment. She refuses to succumb to death in an insubordinate manner. By leaving the apartment and embracing open space, Myra rejects the societal pressure to be a kept woman. Myra did not want to die “like this, alone with [her] mortal enemy” (Cather, 85). Myra wanted to recapture the independence she sacrificed when eloping with Oswald. In leaving the apartment, Myra simultaneously conveys her disapproval for the meager lifestyle that her husband provides for her and the impetus that a woman needs a man to provide for her at all. Myra chose to die alone in an open space – away from the confinement of the hotel walls that served as reminders of her poverty and the marriage that stripped her of wealth and status. She wished to be “cremated and her ashes buried ‘in some lonely unfrequented place in the mountains, or in the sea” (Cather, 83). She wished to be alone once she died, she wanted freedom from quarantining walls and the institution of marriage that had deprived her of affluence and happiness. Myra died “wrapped in her blankets, leaning against the cedar trunk, facing the sea…the ebony crucifix in her hands” (Cather, 82). She died on her own terms, unconstrained by a male, and unbounded by space that symbolized her socioeconomic standing. The setting she died in was the complete opposite of the space she had lived in with Oswald: It was free space amid open air. She reverted back to the religious views of her youth, symbolizing her desire to recant her ‘sin’ of leaving her uncle for Oswald, and thus abandoning her wealth. “In religion , desire was fulfillment, it was the seeking itself that rewarded”( Cather, 77), it was not the “object of the quest that brought satisfaction” (Cather, 77). Therefore, Myra ends back where she began; she dies holding onto
Analysis of biblical writings has helped us to better understand the challenges and mysteries of scripture. In studying Ephesians 1: 15-23, research will help us draw out the bigger picture of what the writer intends to convey in his message. This passage is a prayer of thanksgiving and intercession in which Paul expresses gratitude to God upon hearing of the Ephesians “faith in the Lord Jesus and love toward all the saints” (1: 15 NRSV). This leads Paul to pray intensively that the Ephesians will gain an expanded awareness of the extraordinary and unsurpassed power of God manifested on their behalf. Paul writes this as encouragement and support to the readers.
Our source of knowledge of the apostolic work of Paul comes first from the Book of Acts. The epistles written by Paul serve to further our knowledge of his mission. These letters were written to churches that he had founded or churches that were known to him. Luke’s account of Paul introduces us to the basic facts about this important biblical figure. A more complete understanding of Paul’s journeys can be gleaned from his letters. These epistles were written almost at the time they occurred and they comprise some of the earliest works contained in the New Testament.
The Epistles in the bible were letter’s that were written by the Apostles to the churches. The Epistles served as a primary form of written communication in the ancient world, especially in the New Testament time. Some of the epistles in the Bible consist of, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, and James. The Apostle Paul wrote thirteen of these letters, addressing situations or problems in the churches. The purpose of this paper is to illuminate a few of the epistles and why they were written.