The Three Types Of Environmental Refuge By Lester Brown

The term "environmental refugee" was first proposed in 1976 by Lester Brown. In 2007, The International Organization for Migration (IOM) determined the following definition for environmental migrants: “Environmental migrants are persons or groups of persons who, for compelling reasons of sudden or progressive changes in the environment that adversely affect their lives or living conditions, are obliged to leave their habitual homes, or choose to do so, either temporarily or permanently, and who move either within their country or abroad,” (Migration and the Environment, 2007, p.). In actuality, the IOM proposes three types of environmental migrants. First, the “Environmental Emergency Migrants”, are people who flee temporarily due to an environmental

At the bottom of the scale, the “Pressured Environmental Migrants” can be found. This type of migrant is displaced from their environment when a disastrous event is predicted prior to when it would be imperative for the inhabitants to leave. Then, there is the “Imperative Environmental Migrants”, these are migrants are those that have been or will be permanently displaced from their homes due to environmental factors beyond their control. Finally, there is the “Temporary Environmental Migrants”, otherwise known as the short-term migrants, those that are able to go back to the place they have fled from granted that they are able to rebuild what was broken, and go on to maintain a similar quality of life to the one prior to the natural disaster. This type of migrant is displaced from their home state when their environment rapidly changes. Most migrants in Bangladesh are classified as “Environmentally Forced Migrants” or climate refugees, and “Imperative Environmental

Therefore, classification is necessary in order to identify the appropriate type of aid dealt to environmental migrants and streamlining the processes amongst bi-lateral partners, NGOs, governments, etc., the international community is faced with great difficulty to define migrants’ status as we will see later in this report section.

2) Overview of the question of climate refugee in the academic sphere

We believe it is critical to investigate the academic sphere and to shed light on the current research surrounding climate refugees in order to formulate our research question as described before. To the great extent that the climate refugee crisis draws on international cooperation, the academic research must conceptualise clear outlines to determine their status for organizations to comprehend the steps to alleviate the issue. The researchers seek to answer some crucial questions; how has the relationship between migration and the environment been conceptualized, to what extent has it been possible to measure the scale of environmental migration, what evidence is available regarding the impact of environmental migration, and finally, what research has been conducted to assess policy