On July 17th, 1936, a conspired military revolt broke out in the Spanish colony of Morocco. Within a month, the rebellion spread to mainland Spain and over the next three years, Spain became the center of a war between fascism and communism. With Nazi Germany and fascist Italy supporting the rightest Nationalists, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (Soviet Union) supporting the leftist Republic, this conflict encompassed all of Western Europe. When on the subject of foreign intervention in the Spanish Civil War, the major powers of Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin come to mind as the key contributors. Yet, the importance of the Soviet Union is often underestimated. Alongside the Loyalists, the Soviets supported the Republican government in defending Spain against the revolting military Fascists. In particular, the Soviet Union played a crucial role in the defense of Madrid. First, the Soviet sent many advisors and specialists to provide advice, strategic military intelligence, and mental support for the Loyalists. These Soviet men eventually took command of Madrid forces and became the backbone of Madrid operations. Second the Soviets provided material aid in the form of tanks, planes, and weapons. These supplies gave the Loyalists within Madrid the fire power to resist the rebelling Nationalists. Lastly, the Soviets were responsible for the creation of the International Brigades (IB) who were the key forces in defending the three bridges leading into Madrid. The intervention of the Soviet Union in Spain during the Spanish Civil War, particularly their role in the Battle of Madrid, provided the most essential support to the Republican forces in Madrid, allowing the Loyalists to withhold the Nationalist siege.
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"Spanish Civil War." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Ed. William A. Darity, Jr. 2nd Ed. Vol. 8. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2008. 42-44. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.
"Spanish Civil War." UXL Encyclopedia of U.S. History. Sonia Benson, Daniel E. Brannen, Jr., and Rebecca Valentine. Vol. 7. Detroit: UXL, 2009. 1455-1456. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.
Stalin, Joseph. "Madrid." Letter to The Central Committee of the C.P. of Spain. 16 Oct. 1936. MS. Revolutionary Democracy Journal, Moscow.
Vincent, Mary. Constitutionalism and Civil War 1812-1974. Cultural Atlas of Spain and Portugal. Oxfordshire: Andromela Oxford Limited, 1994. 152-61. Print.
Whealey, Robert. "How Franco Financed His War - Reconsidered." Journal of Contemporary History. Sage Publications. 133-52. JSTOR. Web. 5 May 2014.
Starting with the first chapter, Deverell examines the racial and ethnic violence that took place in the wake of American defeat. In no more than thirty years or so, ethnic relations had appeased and the Mexican people were outnumbered quickly (as well as economically marginalized and politically disenfranchised), as the second chapter discloses. The author examines a variety of topics to further his case but the most compelling and captivating sections of the book come into the third, fourth and fifth chapters. The third chapter focuses its attention
Díaz del Castillo, Bernal. "The True History of the Conquest of New Spain." In Sources of Making of the West, by Katarine J. Lualdi, 269-273. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2009.
6. Love, Edgar F. “Negro Resistance to Spanish Rule in Colonial Mexico.” The Journal of Negro History 52, no. 2 (1967): 89-103.
Francisco Franco (1892-1975) was a lifelong military leader. He rose through the ranks until the early 1930s, when he found himself, a right-wing monarchist, in the middle of a left-wing republic. He was demoted, but later rose up again, and by 1935 he had been named chief of staff of the Spanish Army, a position he used to get rid of left-wing figures and their military institutions. When the left- wing social and economic structure of Spain began to fall, Franco joined the rebellion. He soon led an uprising and took control of Spain after the Spanish Civil War (1939). From then unti...
Hi I'm doing my report on the Spanish American War. In the following pages I will be giving information on how and why the war started, major battles, and the results of the war. I will also include stories from people on the battleship Maine.
The Spanish Civil War is the name given to the struggle between loyalist and nationalist Spain for dominance in which the nationalists won and suppressed the country for the following thirty nine years. However, because of the larger political climate that the Spanish Civil War occurred in, it is impossible to view the war as a phenomenon contained within one nation. Despite its obvious domestic orientation as a civil war it was a major international conflict. The reason for this, I would maintain, is the political dogma which surrounded the war. This essay takes the form of a political survey of the Spanish Civil War in which I will divide my time between the process whereby the war was engendered; the political polarisation of both Spain and Europe, and secondly; the war itself, the political motives of those people and governments who involved themselves in the war. I will also look briefly at the international spillovers of the war. The intention is to answer the question of the extent to which the Spanish Civil War represented a microcosm of European politics between the right and the left and the catastrophic outcomes of this polarization.
Kelly, M. (n.d.). Overview of the American Civil War . American History From About. Retrieved November 14, 2010, from http://americanhistory.about.com/od/civilwarmenu/a/civiloverview.htm
5 years and nearly an entire continent separated King Philip’s war from the great pueblo revolt. Compare and contrast the causes and consequences of these 2 conflicts.
In order to understand the effects of the Spanish Civil War, the atmosphere of Spain prior to 1936 needs to be understood as well. Spain, unlike major European powers, never experienced a bourgeois revolution and was therefore still dominated by a significant aristocracy. However, Spain had gone through several civil wars and revolutions making violence one of the most common devices for change. It, also, had undergone several cycles of reform, reaction from the opposition, and reversal by military uprising led by a dictator before 1936 (Preston 18).
For 113 days during the summer of 1898, the United States was at war with Spain. Neither the president of the United States, nor his cabinet, nor the the queen of Spain, nor her ministers wanted the war wanted the war. It happened eventhough they made their best efforts to prevent it. It happened because of ambition, miscalculation, and stupidity; and it happened because of kindness, wit, and resourcefulness. It also happened because some were indifferent to the suffering of the world’s wretched and others were not (O’Toole 17). By winning the war the United States proved the the rest of the world and to itself that it could and would fight against foreign nations. For many years, world power had been concentrated in the countries in Europe. Nations such as Great Britain, France, Germany, and Spain had the most influence in global affairs. But a shift in power was gradually taking place as the United States matured. The young nation gained wealth and strength. Its population grew immensely, and many people believed it would become a major world power (Bachrach, 11) Spain was one of the many European countries that had territory in the United States. Spain controlled mostly some islands off the coast of Central America. The most important of these were Cuba and Puerto Rico. The United States was led to believe that the Spanish mosgoverned and abused the people of these islands. In fact, Spain did overtax and mistreat the Cubans, who rebelled in 1868 and again in 1895. Thus, the American people felt sympathetic toward the Cuban independence movement. In addition, Spain had frequently interfered with trade between its colonies and the United States. Even though the United States had been a trading partner with Cuba since the seventeenth century, Spain sometimes tried to completely stop their trade with Cuba. In Spain doing so, this sometimes caused damage to U.S. commercial interests. The United States highly disagreed with Spain’s right to interfere with this trade relationship. (Bachrach, 12) The United States was also concerned that other trading and commercial interests were threatened by the number of ships and soldiers Spain kept in the area. If the United States had to fight a war with Canada or Mexico, these Spanish forces could quickly mobilize against the United States.
Dunne, Jemima, and Paula Regan, eds. The Civil War. New York City: DK Publishing, 2011. Print
?Spanish-American War and Philippine Resistance.?? U.S. Department of the Army:? Army Area Handbooks.? 1993.? St. Louis.? Online.? UM-St. Louis Libraries.? Internet 12 Mar. 2000.? Available gopher://gopher.umsl.edu/00/library/govdocs/armyahbs/aahb4/aahb0247.
The first reason for the Spanish American War was public opinion. In 1895, American citizens took notice of a Cuban revolt against their corrupt Spanish oppressor. The Cuban insurgents reasoned that if they did enough damage , the US might move in and help the Cubans win their independence. Not only did Americans sympathize with the Cubans upon seeing tragic reports in the newspaper, but they also empathized in that the US once fought for their own independence from Britain. If France didn’t intervene, the Americans probably would not have won their freedom. As if this did not rally enough hate for the Spanish among the American Public, fuel was added to the flame by the Spanish General (“Butcher”) Weyler. He attempted to crush the rebellion by herding Cubans into barbed-wire concentration camps. In turn, the American public was outraged.
Stalin, Joseph. The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union. Greenwood Press, New York, New
The Spanish civil war began in response to the fascist uprising led by General Francisco Franco in Spain. The war eventually came to embody the fight between the working class and the bourgeoisie. The working classes in the Spanish War were guided in part by the Anarchists and faced a challenge that most oppositional movements face. The balance of organization and demands. Movements often fail due to a sole focus on their demands and not what will lead to the implication of their goals, such as a strong organization. This complete concentrate on single parts of the movement leads to faults internally and externally. The Anarchists, therefore, dealt with the need for efficient organization and their demands for total equality, accomplished by allowing both to exist side-by-side and emphasizing collectivization.