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To investigate the effects of temperatures on the enzyme activity
To investigate the effects of temperatures on the enzyme activity
To investigate the effects of temperatures on the enzyme activity
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The hypothesis was supported, as mushrooms that typically experience higher sun exposure in their environments have an increase in enzymatic activity as temperature was increased. While the enzyme cellobiase that catalyzes the breakdown of cellulose in mushrooms couldn’t be measured, one of its products, p nitrophenol, could be. Portabella mushrooms had an increase in p nitrophenol output as temperature was increased, and they typically live in open fields that have more sunlight. They are likely to encounter higher temperatures due to direct sunlight, which made them a strong candidate to test for the experiment. However, an unexpected result was that the Shiitake mushrooms decreased in p nitrophenol output as temperature increased. The enzyme
Catalase is a common enzyme that is produced in all living organisms. All living organisms are made up of cells and within the cells, enzymes function to increase the rate of chemical reactions. Enzymes function to create the same reactions using a lower amount of energy. The reactions of catalase play an important role to life, for example, it breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Our group developed an experiment to test the rate of reaction of catalase in whole carrots and pinto beans with various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Almost all enzymes are proteins and proteins are made up of amino acids. The areas within an enzyme speed up the chemical reactions which are known as the active sites, and are also where the
A. M. El-Sayed, V. J. Heppelthwaite, L. M. Manning, A. R. Gibb, D. M. Suckling, J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 953.
By using spectrophotometer, the effect of enzyme and substrate concentrations were predicted. The experimental design was to observe the effect of particular substrate concentrations on tyrosinase enzyme activity. Any changes in amount of product formed over a time, depended upon the level of enzyme present. Likewise, an enzyme is very specific meaning that, it can recognize its substrate from even closely related isomers. The specificity of tyrosinase for the substrate tyrosine is not high. In fact, it reacts with a variety of ring structures and one of them is Catechol. Sucrose is not affected by the tyrosinase enzyme. So it was hypothesized that there will be no brown color as production when sucrose will be involved. On the other hand,
J. DeMeo, one of the most well-known researchers of Orgone energy after Reich, observed obvious results of the Orgone energy effects on mung beans sprouting. It is necessary to point out that the importance of water fractions – free and structured – for the functioning of living systems has being seriously discussed for a long time. Its effect is most fully investigated on plant bodies. The researchers found that the structured water optimally corresponds to the greatest enzyme activity. Upward or downward deviation from this optimum leads to enzymes activity reduction. Changes in the structure of the substrate groups, which do not directly interact with the protein surfaces, can change the
The Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity. pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. The higher the hydrogen ion concentration, the lower the pH. Most enzymes function efficiently over a narrow pH range. A change in pH above or below this range reduces the rate of enzyme reaction. considerably.
Background Information: Over time the study of plants has revolutionized technology, allowing scientists to engineer solar panels, create cures and medicines, and even bring high definition television to the homes of millions. The examination of plants is interesting and useful, indeed, and this usefulness is definitely a factor in why the Photosynthesis Lab experiment was preformed.
If I was to do this experiment again I might use a Fungi amylase to
Abstract: Enzymes are catalysts therefore we can state that they work to start a reaction or speed it up. The chemical transformed due to the enzyme (catalase) is known as the substrate. In this lab the chemical used was hydrogen peroxide because it can be broken down by catalase. The substrate in this lab would be hydrogen peroxide and the enzymes used will be catalase which is found in both potatoes and liver. This substrate will fill the active sites on the enzyme and the reaction will vary based on the concentration of both and the different factors in the experiment. Students placed either liver or potatoes in test tubes with the substrate and observed them at different temperatures as well as with different concentrations of the substrate. Upon reviewing observations, it can be concluded that liver contains the greater amount of catalase as its rates of reaction were greater than that of the potato.
Very few view fungi as essential to human life. If asked to consider this diverse kingdom, most would only answer with whether they enjoy mushrooms on their pizzanotwithstanding the fact that there are at the very least 1 million species of fungi thought to outnumber vascular plants by a ratio somewhere between six to one and thirty-three to one. Even so, only 100,000 species of fungi are known to exist while mycologists continue to discover 1000 new species every year. Most notable was the recent discovery of a single honey mushroom congregation thought to weigh 605 tons and cover 2200 acres of Oregon’s Strawberry Mountains. If considered a single organism, this 2000-year-old fungus would have the largest surface area in the world (Stephenson 2010). As a result of this diversity, fungi form a complex and captivating clade that supports a large portion of Earth’s life.
Mushrooms are rich in copper, a mineral that has cardio-protective properties. A single serving of mushrooms is said to provide about 20 to 40 percent of the daily needs of copper.
Investigating a Factor that Affects Enzyme Activity Planning -------- Aim --- To investigate a factor which will affect the activity of catalase, whilst keeping all variables constant. Possible Independent Variables ------------------------------ Here are a number of possible independent variables that could be changed in the experiment: Independent variable Continuous/Discontinuous Easy to measure?
The first steps in mushroom cultivation are preparation of culture media. Mushroom mycelium needs nutrition to grow. Agar (seaweed) contains almost no nutrition, but acts as a gelling agent when mixed with water, so that the mycelium has a flat, solid surface to grow. A combination of agar, water, and nutritional substance gives a satisfactory method for growing out healthy mycelium (Ogden & Prowse, 2004). The mycelium grows on the surface of the medium will later be used to inoculate larger amounts of substrates like grain. Test tubes or Petri dishes used as culture containers. Young and vigorous mycelium obtained from a young fruiting body of a mushroom. The mycelium should be white and grow out from the tissue. If yellow, blue, green, or grey mycelia form on other places on the surface, then these are fungal contaminants. A cre...
In some aspects, plants and people are not much different from one another. Although plants make sugar out of energy from the sun, when plants need energy they have to metabolize their stored goods (sugar) through a process called Cellular Respiration. Cellular respiration is a “metabolic reaction and process that takes place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy. Cells respond to changing metabolic needs by controlling reaction rates” (Biology Corner, n.d. p.1). The reactions involved in cellular respiration are catabolic pathways, their job is to break-down larger molecules into smaller ones, in return releasing energy. Respiration is one key way for a cell to gain and use useful energy for cellular activity. There were two parts to this experiment. The ...
The cultivation of edible mushrooms is a world wide important commercial activity (Chang, 2000). Several aspects have con-tributed to the development of this activity: (1) the raw materials used are waste from agribusiness that have little commercial value and are easy to acquire (Rajarathnam and Bano, 1991), (2) the product obtained has a visually attractive appearance, pleasant taste and a high quality protein which provides much of the essential aminoacids to the diet (Chang, 1991), (3) some species can be grown with relatively simple technology and low investment. Mushrooms can play an important role contributing to the livelihoods of rural and peri-urban dwellers, through food security and income generation. Mushrooms can make a valuable dietary addition through protein and various micronutrients and, coupled with their medicinal properties, mushroom cultivation can represent a valuable small-scale enterprise option. There has been 1,200 species of fungi that
The fermentation rate is affected by factors like yeast strain, concentration and type of substrates, nitrogen sources, temperature and inoculums size (Kaur and Kocher, 2002).Nitrogenous compounds are essential for the growth and development of yeast( Saccharomycescerevisiae) in the fermentation process and they generally influence the percentage yield of alcohol (Nzelibe, 2001). Mechanism of ethanol fermentation by yeast follows EM Pathway, this scheme involves known steps and atleast15 enzymes and 4 co- enzymes and resulted in the formation of pyruvic acid and by anaerobic fermentative pathway results in the production of ethanol (Dubby,