INTRODUCTION:
A fundamental aim of endodontic treatment is to prevent or cure apical periodontitis. Consequently, the central aim of root canal treatment has been directed to the elimination of bacteria and their substrates from the pulp canal system. Preparation of the root canal through a combination of mechanical instrumentation and antibacterial irrigation is the critical stage in canal disinfection. This is followed by placement of a root canal filling and coronal restoration to prevent potential entry of microorganisms.
This may involve removal of necrotic or inflamed pulp and debris, or in elective treatment, the removal of healthy tissue. Up until recently, a widely accepted mechanism for root canal treatment was frequently adopted, but in recent years increase in awareness of the root canal complexities has led to the development of newer techniques, instruments and materials.
Such developments are focused on greatly enhancing the attainment of the biologically-based objectives of root canal treatment, which include:
1. Removal of all tissue, bacteria and bacterial products and substrates from the root canal system.
2. Shaping of the root canal system to facilitate placement of a root canal filling.
3. Filling of the shaped canal system coupled with an adequate and timely coronal restoration.
As opposed to the endodontic triad approach (consisting of biomechanical preparation, microbial control and complete obturation) , shaping to facilitate cleaning and filling might be a more appropriate concept considering that a major goal of root canal treatment is removal of microorganisms from the complex root canal system. Of course, while these objectives are being achieved, conservation of tooth structure and canal m...
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...cal blockage, canal deviation and alteration of working length have also been often reported with the step back technique. In addition, apical extrusion of debris during root canal instrumentation has been associated with postoperative pain or discomfort. Thus this method has been effectively superseded by crown down techniques.
4) Due to the differences in techniques, crown down has several advantages over step back, the most important ones being
• The ability to open orifices for proper access to coronal one third
• Better access
• Easier irrigation
• More ease in measuring the working length
• Minimizing pushing debris and bacteria apically
• Decrease in canal blockages in the apical areas.
REFERENCES:
1) Harty’s Endodontics in clinical practice
2) Mechanical preparation of root canals, HU LSMANN, OVE A. PETERS & PAUL M.H. DUMMER
3) http://www.maillefer.com/
There are many different areas that can be looked at in attempting to find ways to reduce micro-leakage of composite fillings.
In general, root caries have the same etiology as coronal cavities. S. mutans, Lactobacilli, and sometimes, Actinomyces are involved and are found in high numbers in root caries, but there are two main differences between enamel and root surface caries. (Flaitz) These differences cause the lesion on a root surface to be more destructive than that in enamel. First, because the pH at which demineralization will occur is higher for root cementum (approx. pH 6.0) than for enamel (approx. pH 5.0).(Wilkins) Therefore, root cementum has potential for demineralization at an earlier point in time than enamel does. Secondly, once the cementum is demineralized, the dentin contains dentinal tubules which, if present, are potential methods of entry for the pathogenic microbes as mentioned previously, such as S. mutans, Lactobacilli, and sometimes Actinomyces; whereas, enamel consists of tightly-arranged crystal prisms, which have a much lower chance for bacterial entry. The process of caries formation begins with colonization by acid-producing bacteria plaque. In the next step, Gram-positive bacteria invade the dentinal tubules, which leads to the ...
Unfortunately, sometimes, your teeth die due to a fracture or some other problem. An extraction is the removal of a tooth that is no longer viable.
Sinus cavity and extraction sockets were totally excluded from this classification because the healing process h...
It is hard to choose which procedure is my favorite because I only observed composite fillings and a cement crown. I found the cement crown to be very interesting to observe the extraction of the temporary crown and the process of replacing it with the cement crown was neat. Providing the patient with excellent dental care and helping to educate them on how to better care for their teeth would probably be one of my favorites. I also enjoyed observing the x-rays and hope that it will be one of the many tasks I look forward to learning at Salina
Infection control is a central concept to every practice of health care providers. Its main objective is to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases from both patients and health personnel (Martin et al., 2010). In dental clinic, infection control is a continuous concern for its professionals. They have to contact patients routinely and be exposed to their blood, saliva, dental plaque and pus that may contain infectious pathogens. It is important for the dental professionals to treat these fluids as if they are infectious and special precautions must be taken to handle them. In this essay, I will highlight the scope of infection control practices in dental clinics and the ways through which infectious microorganisms are transmitted in the dental clinic. Also, I will talk about some infection control guidelines implemented in dental clinics and how they meet the needs of the patients. Finally, from a personal perspective, I will mention some factors that affect the implantation of infection control guidelines and procedures.
... More importantly, properly align teeth enhance the biting, chewing and speaking function of the jaw. The first phase of orthodontic treatment is designed to improve the way the upper and lower jaw fit together by accommodating the permanent teeth. An exact diagnosis is made in order to realign the teeth in the fastest and most effective way.
A traumatic swimming incident during my childhood left me visiting many dental chairs where I suffered from an irrational fear of dentists. Every visit started with my fears but ended with my gratitude to these dentists, who had performed complex operations seamlessly. These experiences stemmed an interest in dental biology exploring topics such as root canal treatments; here I realised that a dental career would allow me to both explore human biology further but also actively improve our society’s welfare.
-The removal of tooth structure that involves the inner dentinal walls by cells originating from the dental pulp. Most instances occur during adulthood and have no sex predilection. Initiation is either idiopathic or associated with some form of trauma or dental decay. The walls of the canal are smooth and well defined. Root canal therapy may prove beneficial if the resorption area can be properly instrumented, otherwise, extraction is warranted. (First time I saw this was just last week)
On his initial examination dated 23/06/13 the patient was seen for a routine full mouth scale and polish with reinforced oral hygiene instruction including flossing technique. He presented with excellent oral hygiene at this appointment which was a reflection of his commitment to good oral hygiene; tooth-brushing twice daily and dental flossing once daily. This was further supported by the patients plaque scores at 5% and bleeding scores at 4% with only minimal supra gingival calculus on lower anterior teeth. There was no erythema or oedema present on the gingival tissues.
The infection is now destroying the bone that supports your teeth. Eliminating bacteria through good oral hygiene is not possible.
Infection control in dentistry crucial for the well being of employees as well as the patients. Many precautions must be taken to avoid serious illness or injuries.There are many steps and guidelines to follow in infection prevention but as employees in the dental office we must take the time to ensure no harm is done to the clients or ourselves.
The root canal is a procedure in which and endodontist or dentist will perform to remove an infection from the pulp of the tooth canal. There are many indications to show that the patient will need this work completed such as pain, tenderness and sensitivity to warm and cold tempetures. When the endodontist is doing the procedure he will use many different tools such as endodontic explorers, files, peso reamers and gutter purcha. Once complete the patient will be a little sore but the initial pain will be gone.
This may be required in cases when the conventional root canal treatment is unable to save the tooth. It is a minor surgical procedure that involves the removal of the very tip of the tooth after which the gap is sealed. An apicoectomy also enables the endodontist to remove any infection or dead debris at the tip of the root. Once the canal is cleaned up and sealed, the risk of infection is very low. In some cases, the endodontist may use bone grafts or other implant techniques to assist with bone growth, especially in cases where the infection has left a big gap. In most cases, the tooth will be salvaged and normal function is
The choice of restorative material is considered to be one of the most important factors for the success and reliability of any restorative system. Composite resin gained popularity among clinicians due to its ease of handling, excellent esthetic and mechanical properties, and reported ability to reinforce weakened dental structure. (73) However, when a cavity preparation exceeds the recommended limits for the direct application of composite resins, indirect total- or partial-coverage restorations have been indicated.